Sistema eletrônico energeticamente autônomo com colheita de energia por indução magnética.

Abstract

In recent decades, the growing demand for miniaturized, portable and autonomous electronics has intensified the search for new and appropriate energy sources. Following this context, the purpose of this work is to develop an energy-autonomous electronic system, powered by magnetic energy harvesting. Being the energy harvesting system composed of an electromagnetic transducer, to capture and convert stray magnetic field around power lines, and an electronic circuit to condition the energy generated by the transducer and provide adequate power for a resistive load of low consumption. An experimental methodology was employed to select the appropriate material for the core of the transducer therefore been conducted many laboratory tests to analyze and compare the performance of the transducers with respect to power and power density provided by the transducers two ferromagnetic materials distinct, the Ferrite and Nanocrystalline Alloy (FeSiB). After analyzing the data, it is concluded that for this application the Nanocrystalline Alloy showed the best results in terms of power density, and therefore, was selected as the material of the toroidal core of the transducer. However, in the output of the secondary coil was observed high voltage peaks, so that could cause damage to electronic devices connected to the coil circuit. Therefore, it chose to divide the secondary coil into two coils, both connected in parallel to reduce the inductance, at end It is found the effectiveness of the solution, because, reduced voltage spikes and kept the magnitude of the effective tension. However, the showed transducer high inductive reactance, due to its physical parameters, in particular, the high permeability, to compensate were used capacitances connected in series with the coil, in order to define the ideal situation for the system provide maximum power for the load. The power conditioning circuit has been designed to power the wireless sensor node nRF24LE1 the Nordic semiconductors, therefore, have been designed a full-wave rectifier, a filter to the capacitor and a voltage regulator. Finally, it can be concluded that an electronic system with energetic autonomy could be implemented, using as power supply the energy harvesting by magnetic induction, and it can be installed in environments in which there is a magnetic field available for "exploited".