PPGCB https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4098 2026-09-26T18:43:56Z 2026-09-26T18:43:56Z Moraes, Isadora Maximiano de Pontes https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38956 2026-09-11T06:12:28Z 2022-02-21T00:00:00Z

Título: Ampliando o conhecimento da araneofauna do Nordeste brasileiro: novas descobertas e desafios taxonômicos na coleção da UFPB Autor(es): Moraes, Isadora Maximiano de Pontes Orientador: Silva, Marcio Bernardino da Abstract: Araneae is widely diverse with approximately 50,000 described species and is divided into two suborders: Mesothelae and Opisthothelae. The suborder Opisthothelae comprises two infraorders, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae,which have 131 families. In 2018, the infraorder Araneomorphae was divided into five clades. And currently, the Collection of Arachnids and Myriapods of UFPB contains 22 of the 41 families of the RTA (Retrolateral Tibial Aphophysis) clade – which is a projection on the tibia of the male pedipalps. With this, the present work aims to expandthe knowledge of the araneofauna of the Brazilian Northeast, addressing theunderestimated diversity of spiders in the UFPB Collection and the scarcity of taxonomicknowledge and literature. Currently, the UFPB Collection has 1,741 lots, mostly from theBrazilian Northeast, of which 661 lots are part of the spiders of the RTA Clade. The objective was to identify these spiders seeking to find out about the fauna of the Northeast,especially about the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes. And obtained the following preliminary results: of the 661 lots of RTA Clade, 661 (37.97%) were identified 153 (23.14%) lots at the generic level and 131 (19.81%) lots were identified at the specific level, which corresponds to 10 families. Among the identified species, it is estimated thatthey are new to science: Ctenidae gen. nov. 1 and Ctenidae gen. nov. 2. It also presents the description of four new species for Isoctenus Bertkau, 1880, which is a genus of medium to large spiders, proposed with the intention of including the species I. foliifer Bertkau, 1880, collected in Rio de Janeiro. It currently contains 16 valid species, and theyare distributed mainly in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions of Brazil. Isoctenus sp.1, Isoctenus sp. 2 and Isoctenus sp. 3 from Bahia, Brazil. In addition to new records of the distribution of I. areia Polotow and Brescovit, 2009, initially known only for the city of Areia, Paraíba, and now for the cities of Mamanguape, Paraíba and Igarassu, Pernambuco. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação

2022-02-21T00:00:00Z Costa, Amanda Dias https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38924 2026-09-09T06:11:06Z 2025-08-28T00:00:00Z

Título: Mudanças no uso do solo impactam a decomposição foliar e a diversidade e ionoma de invertebrados de solo na Caatinga, NE, Brasil Autor(es): Costa, Amanda Dias Orientador: Vasconcellos, Alexandre Abstract: Land-use changes affect ecosystem health, soil productivity, and water, energy, and food resilience, particularly for smallholder agriculture in dryland landscapes. Understanding specific alterations in biological mechanisms and their responses to land-use change, across paired farms and forests and at different landscape scales, can help guide better management practices and inform strategies to restore degraded drylands. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that forest conversion in agricultural landscapes affects soil invertebrate diversity, litter decomposition, and the diplopod ionome. The research was conducted in 14 study sites, each comprising agricultural areas and adjacent remaining forests, located in the Caatinga, Northeast Brazil, during 2022 and 2023. Soil and soil fauna were sampled using soil cores, and litterbags, with and without macroinvertebrate exclusion, were used to assess litter decomposition. Active searches and transects were employed to collect diplopods and estimate their biomass, density, diversity, and ionome. Local predictors were obtained from chemical and physical analyses of the soil in the study units (forest remnants and agricultural areas), while landscape predictors were estimated from high-resolution orthomosaics generated from drone imagery, classifying seven land-cover types and calculating variables such as the proportion of natural cover, density of conserved fragments, matrix-use heterogeneity, and distance between study units at 100, 300, and 500 m scales. To address our research questions, we applied paired t-tests, GLMs, NMDS, PERMANOVA, PCA, and RDA. Our results show that conversion of forest areas to agriculture consistently impoverishes the soil invertebrate community, including diplopods, and reduces litter decomposition, with more pronounced effects at the local scale. At the landscape scale, more anthropized matrices exhibited less diverse macroinvertebrate communities in agricultural areas, while litter decomposition increased with a higher proportion of natural forest cover. Regarding the diplopod ionome, the elements Mg, Co, P, K, Mo, Cr, and Ni were found at higher concentrations in individuals from agricultural areas, with Ni, Co, and Cr positively correlated with their respective soil concentrations, and the overall ionic composition of these organisms was partially explained by Ni content. Finally, the distance between study units did not influence the ionome, diplopod diversity, soil macroinvertebrate diversity, or litter decomposition. This study reinforces that agricultural intensification in tropical dry forest landscapes affects soil biodiversity and key processes such as litter decomposition and diplopod ionic composition. Management strategies that promote the conservation of soil fauna and the maintenance of remaining forest fragments are essential to sustain the functionality and productivity of regional agroecosystems. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese

2025-08-28T00:00:00Z Silva, Renata Lima Machado da https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38796 2026-08-27T06:12:24Z 2025-01-20T00:00:00Z

Título: Galhas de insetos em brejos de altitude da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil Autor(es): Silva, Renata Lima Machado da Orientador: Maia, Valéria Cid Abstract: Galls are pathological changes that occur in plant tissue due to hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia resulting from galling insect-host plant interactions. Despite their abundance and importance, these interactions are little studied to date. Therefore, this work aimed to: in Chapter I, inventory gall diversity, characterizing them according to the host plant organ attacked, shape, color, presence or absence of trichomes, occurrence, inducing insect, identification of host plant species and associated entomofauna; and, in Chapter II, analyze whether there are differences in the richness and abundance of galled plants and in their morphotypes between the dry and rainy seasons. To survey gall diversity in the two remaining areas, active searches for galled plants were conducted, totaling a 72- hour sampling effort in each area. To analyze the influence of seasonality on the richness and abundance of host plants and morphotypes, fixed transects were installed in the Goiamunduba Forest, with gall and host plant sampling conducted during the rainy and dry seasons, totaling two collections in each season. As a result of Chapter I, 48 gall morphotypes were recorded in the Pau-Ferro Forest, associated with 29 plant species, 29 genera, and 19 families. The families with the greatest gall richness were Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, and Sapindaceae, and the organ with the highest gall occurrence was the leaves. Six gall shapes were identified: globoid, lenticular, fusiform, coiled, clavate, and amorphous. The most common gall colors were green and brown, and most galls lacked trichomes. In the Goiamunduba Forest, 53 gall morphotypes were found on 22 host plant species, distributed across 22 genera and 17 families. The largest number of galls was found in Myrtaceae, Lecythidaceae, and Melastomataceae. Regarding the organs where galls occurred, most were on the leaves. Galls with globoid, lenticular, fusiform, conical, amorphous, horn-shaped, coiled, and folded shapes were identified. Green was the predominant color, followed by brown. Regarding the presence of trichomes, most galls were glabrous. In Chapter II, statistically, neither the richness nor the abundance of galled plant species, nor the abundance of gall morphotypes, showed significant differences between transects, seasons, and years. Data analysis revealed a higher occurrence of galled plants during the dry season in both locations. These are the first records of galls from the Pau-Ferro Forest in Areia and the Goiamunduba Forest in Bananeiras. Given the importance of ecological interactions between galling insects and their host plants, particularly in seasonal environments in Northeastern Brazil, these results constitute an important contribution to our knowledge of insect galls in high-altitude marshlands in the region. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese

2025-01-20T00:00:00Z Hamsi, Isadora Costa https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38783 2026-08-26T06:11:28Z 2020-07-29T00:00:00Z

Título: Comportamento e reprodução em poleiro de quatro espécies de morcegos sinantrópicos neotropicais Autor(es): Hamsi, Isadora Costa Orientador: Rocha, Patrício Adriano da Abstract: Replacement of natural areas with anthropomorphized landscapes brings a need to understand synanthropic animals. Bats are the mammalian group with the largest diversity in urban areas and many species roost in human constructions. describe aspects of the natural history of four species of Neotropical synanthropic bats through their perch ecology in the coastal region of northeastern Brazil. We monitored the roost using Infrared cameras for a year. Bats were divided according to roosting habits as exposed roosts (Saccopteryx leptura e Rhynchonycteris naso ) or cryptic roosts (Carollia perspicillata e Peropteryx macrotis). Roosts were located in the Fazenda Pacatuba (Sapé) and UFPB (João Pessoa) both in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Roosts were all in human constructions and near natural areas. Behavior was monitored with scan samples. A qui-square test used to calculate seasonal difference. We found roost strategies to influence behavior, sociality, and reproduction. Species in cryptic roosts were more active, social interactions were more common during the day and they adopted resource defense polygyny. Species in exposed roosts were less active, social interactions were rare and adopted alternative mating systems. This is the first record of S. leptura adopting polyandry. All groups were more active in the rainy season than dry season. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação

2020-07-29T00:00:00Z