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Desenvolvimento e viabilidade de uma formulação enteral exclusiva em alimentos in natura e minimamente processados, adicionada de farinha de inhame (Dioscorea cayenensis)

2026-05-17T06:10:30Z

Título: Desenvolvimento e viabilidade de uma formulação enteral exclusiva em alimentos in natura e minimamente processados, adicionada de farinha de inhame (Dioscorea cayenensis) Autor(es): Martins, Sandy Ferreira Orientador: Gonçalves, Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Abstract: Enteral Nutritional Therapy (ENT) is considered the priority therapy of choice when the patient is unable to physiologically use the oral route. Under these conditions, ENT offers benefits such as maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, improving immune function and reducing oxidative stress. There are two types of formulations used to provide nutrition to these patients, which are commercial and handmade enteral formulations. The latter have been reemerging due to the interest in adopting a healthier eating style with the exclusive use of unprocessed and minimally processed ingredients and for bringing the patient closer to the family context. When formulating handmade enteral diets, some professionals use industrialized ingredients that contribute only to energy intake without bringing any other additional benefit, such as corn glucose, refined sugar, corn cereals and maltodextrin. Yam flour (Dioscorea cayenensis) can be a substitute for these industrialized products, in order to provide both energy properties and phytochemical compounds related to several benefits to the human body. Given the lack of studies with enteral diets composed of yam flour, the general objective of this study was to develop an exclusive handmade enteral formulation with unprocessed and minimally processed foods, added to yam flour and to evaluate its nutritional composition, osmolar parameters, physical-chemical, microbiological and perform cost analyses. The yam flour was obtained based on the methodology of Guedes et al. (2021). A search for previous studies and information from the renowned Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population served as coordinates for the formulation of the handmade enteral diet. The energy calculation was performed based on the average weight obtained by Walpole et al. (2012) multiplied by calories per kilogram of weight, according to the Brazilian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes) were used to establish the percentage of macronutrients and, for micronutrient calculations, the RDA (Recommend Dietary Allowances) or AI (Adequate Intakes) were taken into account, according to availability. The evaluation of hygienic-sanitary quality (coliforms at 45°C, coagulase positive Staphylococci, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella spp.), analysis of osmolar, physicochemical (water activity, viscosity, physical stability, fluidity and dripping) and formulation cost were carried out. Data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 2016 and analyzed using the IBM Statitical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The yam flour obtained presented a fine and odorless texture that could be added to the handmade enteral diet, in which it presented a brown color and a liquid-pasty texture. There was a contribution of 11% in energy content, 17% in fiber content and improved content of all micronutrients, according to DRIS recommendations, after adding yam flour to the handmade enteral diet. The proposed diet presented adequate microbiological, osmolar and physicochemical parameters. It also obtained cost reductions of 70.91%, 74.06% and 75.71%, when compared to three standard commercial formulas. The results of this study gave rise to an accepted patent application, number BR 10 2021 015443 8, and the diet can be adopted and reproduced by industries. However, it is recommended to carry out further studies that provide newer strategies to ensure and spread the use of exclusive formulations in unprocessed and minimally processed foods, in order to provide health benefits. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação

Relação entre os polimorfismos rs1801133 e rs1801131 da metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase e parâmetros estruturais e funcionais do coração em pacientes com retinopatia diabética

2026-05-16T06:08:53Z

Título: Relação entre os polimorfismos rs1801133 e rs1801131 da metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase e parâmetros estruturais e funcionais do coração em pacientes com retinopatia diabética Autor(es): Alcântara, João Otávio Scarano Orientador: Persuhn, Darlene Camati Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease caused by a deficiency in the release or use of the hormone insulin, leading to a state of hyperglycemia. Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, may increase the risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. Cardiovascular diseases are still the major cause of death worldwide. The enzyme Metilotetrahydrofolate reductase, responsible for the release of the active form of folate in the body, may have its efficiency affected by dietary and genetic factors, such as the polymorphisms rs1801133 and 1801131, and deficiency of vitamin B12, which is a cofactor of the metabolism of this enzyme. The reduction in MTHFR activity can lead to an increase in plasma homocysteine, which in turn is related to insulin resistance and some chronic complications of diabetes, such as retinopathy. Studies have shown that hyperhomocysteinemia is able to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and cause an increase in the diameter of the left atrium. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship of rs1801133 and 1801131 polymorphisms with structural and functional parameters of the heart of patients with diabetic retinopathy. It also aimed to analyze the genotypes of patients with RD regarding the polymorphisms, and to verify biochemical, nutritional, anthropometric and lifestyle parameters of the participants involved in the specific genotyped groups. This study is a cross-sectional study with an epidemiological basis, from a larger study entitled "Epigenetics + genetics: identification of markers for Diabetic Retinopathy". This study had 65 patients diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, with a mean age of 62.46 ± 8,421. 42 participants had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 23 proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The genotypes of rs1801133 and rs1801131 were determined using the PCR-RFLP technique. Participants were categorized according to biochemical, cardiological (from echocardiogram and eletrocardiograma exam), anthropometric, genetic, lifestyle and vitamin B9 and B12 consumption variables. Fischer's exact test and Poisson regression were performed to assess the relationship between variables. The only significant association found in Fischer's exact test was between increasing the left atrium diameter and the rs1801133, although no association was found with rs1801131. There was no significant association between the diameter of the left atrium and biochemical, anthropometric, food consumption, and lifestyle variables. All study participants had insufficient consumption of at least one of the two micronutrients. The regression model showed that the increase in the left atrium was associated with the T allele, with a prevalence ratio of 0.912. The regression model also showed an association between the increase in left atrium diameter with ejection fraction, final stroke volume and heart rate. The main result of this study suggest an association between the T allele and the increase in diameter of the left atrium. In addition to the association with polymorphism, in the regression model there was also an association between left atrium diameter and ejection fraction, final stroke volume and heart rate. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação

Efeito do suco de beterraba na magnitude e duração da resposta pressórica pós-exercicio em mulheres hipertensas

2026-02-22T06:06:10Z

Título: Efeito do suco de beterraba na magnitude e duração da resposta pressórica pós-exercicio em mulheres hipertensas Autor(es): Anjos, Carla Nunes dos Orientador: Silva, Alexandre Sérgio Abstract: In recent years, beetroot has gained notoriety for its ability to promote blood pressure reduction in the first hours after ingestion, a temporal behavior similar to post-exercise hypotension. In this context, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ingestion of beetroot juice after an exercise session on the magnitude and duration of the pressure response in hypertensive women. This is a clinical, randomized, controlled, double-blind and crossover study, carried out with 14 hypertensive women aged 40 to 60 years, who participated in three procedures: 1) ingestion of beetroot juice 2 hours after exercise (SBE), 2) ingestion of fruit drink 2 hours after exercise (RFE) and 3) control without exercise and drink (CON). An anthropometric assessment was performed on the participants first visit to the laboratory. Clinical blood pressure was measured before, immediately after exercise and every 10 minutes during the post-exercise recovery period or rest. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Nitrite, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde analyzes were performed. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was performed to verify differences between protocols. A significance level of p<0.05 was adopted. As participants were overweight, in addition to the influence of high waist. Beetroot juice significantly increased plasma nitrite concentrations between baseline and 2 hours after ingestion of the juice (33.4 ± 32.5 μM to 47.0 ± 36.0 μM; p=0.013). Both SBE and RFE procedures promoted hypotension in clinical monitoring at 60 minutes post-exercise, with a reduction in systolic pressure from 10 minutes post-exercise (p<0.05), while diastolic pressure occurred at 20 minutes (p<0 .05) in relation to rest (interaction time), but with no difference between the two protocols with exercise (p>0.05). Significant reductions in ambulatory systolic pressure were observed for 17 hours post-exercise and 16 hours in diastolic pressure in SBE, while in RFE this hypotension was only noticed between 6 and 15 hours for systolic and 13 and 16 hours for diastolic compared to rest (p<0.05). Beetroot juice maintained lower blood pressure compared to the pre-exercise condition for a longer time, however, in the time x procedure interaction analysis, no significant differences were observed between the three procedures (p>0.05). No significant differences were observed in total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde after ingestion of beverages in the SBE and RFE procedures (p>0.05). Thus, this study confirms previous data that an exercise session promotes post-exercise hypotension, but the association with beetroot juice did not improve this pressure response, however, it showed a consistent effect by maintaining pressure reductions for a longer time than the procedure with fruit drink. fruit. On the other hand, beetroot did not improve the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação

Efeitos de um nutracêutico (Limosilactobacillus fermentum (139, 263, 296) e casca de jabuticaba) na microbiota intestinal e tratamento do diabetes mellitus gestacional em ratas Wistar e sua atividade na saúde cardiometabólica da prole

2026-01-10T06:06:28Z

Título: Efeitos de um nutracêutico (Limosilactobacillus fermentum (139, 263, 296) e casca de jabuticaba) na microbiota intestinal e tratamento do diabetes mellitus gestacional em ratas Wistar e sua atividade na saúde cardiometabólica da prole Autor(es): Lemos, Deborah Emanuelle de Albuquerque Orientador: Alves, José Luiz de Brito Abstract: Changes in the gut microbiota can influence the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is associated with systemic disorders such as increased glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hormonal imbalances and increased inflammation. The combined use of probiotics and prebiotics can promote improvements in parameters associated with GDM. With this in mind, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with a nutraceutical composed of lyophilized strains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum(139, 263 and 296) and jaboticaba peel on the gut microbiota and the treatment of GDM, and its activity on the cardiometabolic health of offspring. This is a preclinical study in which 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: CTL(control, n = 12), GDM(gestational diabetes + vehicle, n = 12) and GDM+Nut(gestational diabetes + nutraceutical, n = 12). Rats in the GDM and GDM+Nut groups were fed a high-fat diet in combination with a 20% sucrose solution, and a single dose of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) was administered on day 0 of gestation. Rats in the GDM and GDM+Nut groups were treated daily by oral gavage with phosphate-buffered saline vehicle (1ml) and nutraceuticals (2g/kg), respectively, until the end of gestation. Food consumption, gestational weight gain, oral glucose tolerance test and maternal biochemical tests were assessed. Offspring were randomly assigned to 8 females and 8 males per group: OCTL (CTL group offspring), OGDM (GDM group offspring) and OGDM+Nut (GDM+Nut group offspring). The offspring were measured and weighed from the beginning to the end of the experiment, and were also tested for glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, blood pressure, heart rate and autonomic function. The results of this study showed that the GDM group had glucose intolerance. However, administration of the nutraceutical formulation was able to reduce glucose intolerance and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Administration of the nutraceutical formulation increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and beta diversity, but did not alter alpha diversity indices compared to the GDM group. An increase in bacteria producing short chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, was observed, such as Mediterraneibacter, Anaerostipes and Flavonifractor. Evaluating the effects of maternal administration of the nutraceutical formulation on the offspring, there was an increase in birth weight and length parameters. During weaning and puberty, the female offspring of the GDM+Nut group showed an increase in length and weight compared to the offspring of the other groups. The offspring of rats treated with the nutraceutical formulation showed no improvement in glucose tolerance compared with the offspring of GDM rats. Meanwhile, the offspring of gestational diabetes rats showed an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with increases in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, as well as autonomic nervous system dysfunction. However, maternal consumption of the nutraceutical during pregnancy significantly reduced these parameters in the offspring and consequently the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação