https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11055 2026-04-13T10:24:11Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/37621 Título: O problema de Sócrates sob a perspectiva de Nietzsche : um diagnóstico psicofisiológico da décadence filosófica e moral. Autor(es): Souza Filho, Paulo Sérgio Alves de Orientador: Cordeiro, Robson Costa Abstract: The Greek philosopher Socrates became one of the most influential figures in Western philosophy. The Socratic problem arises as a central challenge in reconstructing such a pivotal methodological and historical figure. Nietzsche subjects the Socratic problem to a psychophysiological inquiry, constructing a mimesis—the "Dying Socrates"—as a representation of the Athenian thinker. As articulated in The Gay Science (Aphorism 340), Nietzsche contends that Socrates negated the value of life by prioritizing reason and dialectics, asserting that truth resides in a metaphysical realm where the beautiful and the just are fixed. To Nietzsche, this stance epitomizes decline, as it contradicts humanity’s instinctual vitality. Moreover, he frames Socrates and Socratism as expressions of décadence: a diseased will that treats life merely as a bridge to another existence, seeking to reform and correct living itself. In doing so, it precipitates a decline in both philosophy and morality. This paper examines the Socratic problem and the "Dying Socrates" through Nietzsche’s lens, analyzing them as embodiments of décadence and their broader implications. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2025-05-07T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/35046 Título: Hannah Arendt e a violência no mundo contemporâneo : reflexões sobre o uso da violência e o poder político Autor(es): Barbosa, Italo Andrade Orientador: Simões, Bruno Costa Abstract: The research discusses how the reflections that Hannah Arendt develops in her book On Violence (1969), especially with regard to the relationship between violence and political power, apply to contemporary social situations. Arendt's central argument is the opposition between the concepts of power and violence. The work aims, in the context of political philosophy, to articulate Arendt's theoretical conceptions and distinctions about violence and power, in terms of their different natures and causes, proposed in the aforementioned book, with contemporary social and political issues involving concrete problems in global politics, such as social movements, political polarization, state repression with the use of violence, attacks on democratic institutions and the traditional press, the political influence of large international technology companies (Big Techs), in order to examine the relevance and limitations of Arendt's categories. The aim is to explore how Arendt's approach helps to understand these phenomena. As a critical counterpoint, two authors are brought in who object to some theoretical aspects and certain implications arising from the Arendtian work under study, namely Maria Ribeiro do Valle (essay Hannah Arendt: in the name of the law - the repudiation of revolutionary violence in the 1960s) and Chad Kautzer (article Political Violence and Race: A Critique of Hannah Arendt). Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2025-05-08T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/34506 Título: A soberania defendida por Thomas Hobbes: Justificativas para um modelo de Estado absoluto Autor(es): Santos, Emerson Gabriel da Silva Orientador: Pinto, Gabriel Rezende de Sousa Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of the justifications that Hobbes used to defend his model of an absolute state. To this end, we investigate the author’s main works, as well as the work of interpreters who have made important contributions to understanding the concepts, objectives and historical context surrounding the Hobbes’ philosophical contributions. Thus, this paper is divided into three chapters with the aim of, firstly, understanding the disagreements about the foundations of Hobbes’ political philosophy and coming to the conclusion of which method the author used to support his political hypotheses; secondly, understanding how Hobbes conceives of human nature as the cause of war, based on an analysis of human being’s natural faculties and their behavior in the state of nature, in order to then support the need for the institution of an absolute state; thirdly, explaining the functioning of the Hobbesian state, and how representation and sovereignty are essential for its peaceful safeguarding. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2024-11-18T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/34415 Título: Uma Comparação entre a Lógica de Primeira Ordem e a Lógica Descritiva Acerca da Noção de Compromisso Ontológico em Quine Autor(es): Batinga, Lídia Orientador: Fernandes, Diego P. Abstract: The notion of ontological commitment suggested by Quine for first-order logic is closely linked to the use of variables. But what happens with this notion in a logic that does not contain variables, such as descriptive logic? In this paper, by comparing first-order logic and descriptive logic with regard to the notion of “ontological commimtent”, we will show why such a notion is not appropriate for descriptive logic. Finally, we will argue how this notion of ontological commitment can be rehabilitated by translating the sentences of descriptive logic into sentences of first-order logic. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2024-11-20T00:00:00Z