https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11131 2026-07-02T08:44:44Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38212 Título: Tecnologias sociais no esgotamento sanitário rural: uma revisão sistemática sobre sistemas descentralizados Autor(es): Santos, Sávio Veríssimo dos Orientador: Gadelha, Carmem Lúcia Moreira Abstract: Basic sanitation is one of the main determinants of public health and quality of life, and its deficiency is more pronounced in rural areas, where structural, financial, and institutional limitations prevail. In this context, this study aims to conduct a systematic review of technological innovations and social technologies applied to rural wastewater management, with emphasis on decentralized and low-cost systems. The methodology consisted of a bibliometric review using the Web of Science and Scopus databases, covering publications from 2015 to 2024. Data were analyzed using the Bibliometrix software, enabling the evaluation of indicators such as temporal evolution of publications, most productive countries, leading authors, and keyword co-occurrence networks. Initially, 1,090 articles were identified, and 18 were selected for in-depth analysis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicate a significant increase in scientific production from 2021 onwards, with notable contributions from the United States, China, the United Kingdom, India, and Brazil. The thematic analysis revealed three main axes: pollutant removal efficiency, sustainable sanitation system management, and emerging integrated approaches. The most recurrent technologies include constructed wetlands, evapotranspiration tanks, and biodigester septic tanks, recognized for their technical feasibility, low cost, and suitability for rural contexts. It is concluded that social technologies represent strategic alternatives for achieving universal rural sanitation by integrating environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and community participation. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2026-04-05T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38210 Título: Desenvolvimento e aplicação de um framework para gestão e regularização ambiental de oficinas mecânicas de pequeno e médio porte no município de João Pessoa - PB Autor(es): Costa, Vitória Regina Soares da Orientador: Vasconcelos, Claudio Ruy Portela de Abstract: Mechanical workshops, although essential for maintaining the circulating vehicle fleet, stand out among activities with significant pollution potential due to the generation of hazardous waste, such as used lubricating oils, contaminated rags, and filters. Improper management of these wastes can result in soil and water contamination, in addition to posing risks to public health. In this context, the study aimed to develop a structured framework to support the environmental management and regulatory compliance of small and medium-sized mechanical workshops located in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, based on a diagnosis of their practices and difficulties. The methodology was applied in nature and qualitative in approach, conducted through semi-structured interviews and direct observation in five mechanical workshops. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis techniques and compared with the relevant literature and applicable legal standards. Based on the diagnosis, a framework structured in two integrated stages—diagnosis and a guide of practical solutions— was developed. Its functionality was subsequently tested through application in one workshop (Workshop 4). The results indicated a fragile environmental management scenario: 80% of the workshops do not have an Oil-Water Separator (OWS) system, 60% have inadequate flooring, none have secondary containment systems, and 60% operate with irregular environmental licensing. It was found that the identified non-compliances are mainly associated with the lack of accessible information and tools capable of translating the complexity of environmental legislation into practical actions. The application of the framework in Workshop 4 demonstrated its potential as a tool for dialogue and prioritization of actions, considering the manager’s reality in terms of cost, time, and operational feasibility. It is concluded that the proposed framework constitutes a relevant tool to support the environmental compliance of mechanical workshops, helping to bridge the gap between legal requirements and daily practice. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2026-04-04T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38209 Título: Análise multicritério dos serviços de saneamento básico na região metropolitana do Recife por meio de técnicas de geoprocessamento Autor(es): Morais, Manoella Santos Orientador: Soares, Leonardo Vieira Abstract: Basic sanitation is an essential component for the population’s quality of life and for urban development, being directly related to public health and territorial organization. Despite institutional and legal advances in the sector, inequalities in the provision of these services still persist among different municipalities, especially in metropolitan regions. In this context, the present study aimed to spatially analyze basic sanitation services in the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Recife, considering the dimensions of water supply, sanitary sewage, solid waste management, and urban drainage. To conduct the research, indicators from the National Sanitation Information System (Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento – SNIS) were used. Subsequently, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. This approach allowed the assignment of weights to the different criteria analyzed and the development of thematic maps representing the relative performance of municipalities in each sanitation dimension. The results revealed significant differences among the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Recife, indicating a heterogeneous spatial distribution of basic sanitation services. Among the municipalities analyzed, Itapissuma, Araçoiaba, and Ilha de Itamaracá showed the lowest performance in the overall index, highlighting greater limitations related to service coverage and infrastructure. In general, more urbanized municipalities presented relatively better service conditions, while peripheral areas showed greater weaknesses in the provision and structuring of sanitation services. It is concluded that the integrated analysis of sanitation indicators, combined with geoprocessing techniques and multicriteria analysis, constitutes a relevant tool to support territorial planning and management. The identification of spatial inequalities allows actions and investments to be directed more efficiently, contributing to the improvement of service provision and to progress toward the universalization of basic sanitation in the Metropolitan Region of Recife. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2026-04-09T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38205 Título: A arborização urbana como estratégia de adaptação às mudanças climáticas: relações entre uso e ocupação do solo e temperatura urbana no município de João Pessoa ? PB, Brasil Autor(es): Silva, Luiz Eduardo do Nascimento Chaves da Orientador: Filgueira, Hamilcar José Almeida Abstract: Climate change has intensified extreme phenomena in cities, such as heat waves, floods, and soil instability, highlighting the need for sustainable urban adaptation strategies. In this context, urban tree cover stands out as an important green infrastructure capable of promoting microclimatic regulation, improving environmental quality, and increasing urban resilience. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between land use and land cover, vegetation cover, and urban surface temperature in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Brazil, emphasizing the role of urban forestry as a strategy for climate change adaptation and mitigation of urban heat islands. The methodology was based on the analysis of satellite images and geospatial data processing, using indicators such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), vegetation fraction, emissivity estimation, and surface temperature calculation for the years 2004, 2014, and 2024. The results showed that areas with lower vegetation cover and higher soil impermeabilization present higher surface temperatures, indicating the formation of urban heat islands. Conversely, regions with greater vegetation density exhibited lower temperatures, confirming the role of urban trees in thermal regulation and microclimate improvement. The research also identified priority areas for expanding vegetation cover and proposed guidelines for urban tree planning and management as a climate adaptation tool. It is concluded that expanding and properly planning urban forestry is a key strategy for strengthening environmental resilience, improving quality of life, and promoting more sustainable cities. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2026-04-10T00:00:00Z