https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14122 2026-09-01T14:01:25Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38622 Título: Diversidade de vespas parasitoides e predadoras do bicho mineiro e caracterização da fenologia floral e dos visitantes florais do cafeeiro no brejo paraibano Autor(es): Ramirez, Ivonne Maritza Buenaventura Orientador: Malaquias, José Bruno Abstract: Functional biodiversity is essential for the ecological balance and sustainability of agroecosystems, particularly through the provision of services such as biological control and pollination. However,the expansion of conventional agriculture and the intensive use of pesticides have compromised these services, including in crops of high economic importance, such as coffee, In Brazil, the control of coffee pests such as Leucoptera coffeella (coffee lear miner) is still largely carried out with chemical inputs, despite the recognized potential of parasitoid Hymenoptera and pollinating bees as sustainable alternatives. In this dissertation, the functional biodiversity of Hymenoptera associated with Coffea arabica cutivation was investigated in two agroecosystems in the Brejo region of Paraiba. The study was developed in two main axes: (1) analysis of coffee leaf miner infestation and the diversity of parasitoid and predatory wasps under different management practices; and (2) characterization of coffee flowering phenology and doral visitors, with emphasis on native social bees as polinators. The results broaden the understanding of the interactions between agriculture manegement, funcional biodiversity, and ecosystem services, reinforcing the importants of agroecological strategies for the sustainability of family-based coffee farming. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-08-07T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/35586 Título: Fenologia, ecologia da polinização e reprodução em populações de Begonia saxicola A. DC (Begoniaceae) em área de Brejo de altitude no Agreste Pernambucano Autor(es): Souza, Gerlayne Teixeira de Orientador: Quirino, Zelma Glebya Maciel Abstract: Aspects related to floral biology, of a plant community provides subsidies for plant- animal interaction, as it provides an important tool for understanding the reproduction of plants and spatio-temporal organization, of the resources available in the environment to associated animals. In this study, we present data on phenological patterns and their relationship with abiotic factors, floral visitors, as well as aspects of the floral and reproductive biology of the population of Begonia saxicola, occurring in a swamp in the state of Pernambuco, highlighting the importance of the interaction of species with its pollinating agents. The leaf fall vegetative phenophase was the most regular, being recorded in the two years peaks in December corresponding to the dry season with ca. 80% of individuals in this phenophase. Budding phenophase lasted an average of 30 days, with a peak in May (rainy season). The peak in bud phenophase for male flowers in the two years of study showed peaks in July (82.5% and 83.3%), however, the button phenophase for female flowers, in the two years of studies, peaked in August. The flowering of B. saxicola lasted an average of three months and the fruits began their development in mid-August, at the beginning of the dry season. The species is monoecious, showing dyasium-like, cuminous inflorescences, with daytime anthesis, occurring in the early hours of the morning. Begonia saxicola have medium flowers (12- 17 mm), with distinct floral odors, between staminate (floral) and pistilate (sweet) flowers. In experiments on apomixis, they showed that this type of reproduction does not occur. In the flowers that were self-pollinated manually pollinated (geitonogamy) with endogenous pollen, fruit development did not occur, but those pollinated with exogenous pollen developed fruits. There was also no fruit development due to anemophilia. Two species of bees were observed, collected and identified during visits to the flowers, representatives of the Apidae family (Trigona spinipes; Apis melífera), one of the fly and the beetle. Apis mellifera and the other species of fly and beetle did not pollinate, being classified as a pollen plunderer, however T. spinipes was registered, making visits in both floral types. The reflectance of the different floral structures was considerably similar between the two floral types of the species. Modeling the color reflectance in the hexagon of the bee revealed that the color locations of the anther and the stigma were plotted in the same UV-green color space as the bees, while the tepals were traced in the achromatic space. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2020-03-13T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/35585 Título: Impactos geopoliticos na descrição de novas espécies de moluscos terrestres Autor(es): Abreu, Evandro Cosmo Tomaz de Orientador: Moura, Mario Ribeiro Abstract: Although 2.3 million species have been described worldwide, many remain unknown to science, meaning that our understanding of global biodiversity is based on only a fraction of the estimated species. This knowledge gap is not evenly distributed across the planet and can be influenced by the socioeconomic factors of countries. Here, we evaluated how taxonomic descriptions of terrestrial molluscs published over the past 20 years differed between countries in the Global North and Global South in terms of the presence of resident researchers, leadership by resident researchers, and comprehensiveness of the techniques adopted (number and type of methods, quantity of type-specimens, number of pages). We also examined whether the observed differences were related to the economic power of the countries that participated in and/or received taxonomic descriptions of new species. Our results highlighted a disparity between the Global North and Global South. While 76% of the descriptions were located in the Global South, only 37% of the new species had Global South researchers participating in the publications. Researchers from the North led 75.9% of the descriptions in their own territories, compared to only 27.1% of those residing in the Global South. The lack of reciprocity in international collaborations was evident, with 93% of collaborations from the South involving the North, but only 7% the other way around. The pattern of inequality also emerged in the accessibility of resources and tools, with species from the Global South showing lower proportions in the use of anatomical analyses, molecular biology, and the incidence of revisionary works. Descriptions conducted in the Global South also presented lower numbers of evidences and type-specimens analysed, resulting in descriptions with fewer pages. We demonstrated that most species discovered in the Global South did not include resident researchers, characterising parachute discovery practices. Moreover, the absolute number of parachute discoveries was positively related to the gross domestic product per capita of the countries. Our results indicate a strong presence of neocolonial academic practices, which do not contribute to reducing inequalities in taxonomic science. It is imperative that international collaborations consider more equitable approaches, which value building local capacity and ensure better chances for achieving international goals associated with the improvement of knowledge and conservation of global biodiversity. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2024-08-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/34063 Título: Dinâmicas urbanas no uso da terra influenciam a diversidade taxonômica, condição corporal e traços funcionais da assembleia de escorpiões em Brejos de altitudes Paraibanos Autor(es): Feitosa, Matheus Leonydas Borba Orientador: Roberto, Fredy Alvarado Abstract: Urbanization, a phenomenon that continuously transforms natural environments into industrial, residential, and agricultural areas, leads to high rates of deforestation, fragmentation, and land use changes. This process creates forest fragments embedded within urban matrices, forcing biodiversity to adapt to altered environments. Land cover and environmental heterogeneity shaped by urbanization impact the distribution and genetic diversity of species, while also increasing heat islands and climatic pressures. Urban growth has been associated with declines in body conditions and changes in the morphometric traits of organisms that manage to permeate these habitats. Furthermore, urbanization promotes biotic and functional homogenization, where ecosystems are composed of a reduced number of species with lower variability, performing similar functions in the environment. In the tropics, particularly in montane forest enclaves characterized by their humid forests at high altitudes, urbanization and human activities such as intensive agriculture and logging result in habitat loss and fragmentation. These ecosystems, rich in biodiversity, are particularly vulnerable due to their location within caatinga regions and socioeconomic limitations. Despite this, some species, such as scorpions, exhibit ecological plasticity, occupying various habitats, including urban areas. Scorpions, due to their sensitivity to environmental changes, emerge as potential bioindicators for monitoring the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity. Studies indicate that environmental complexity is crucial for the survival of these organisms, with more heterogeneous habitats offering greater availability of microhabitats and prey. Therefore, it is essential that modified ecosystems provide the minimum conditions for the survival and maintenance of populations, highlighting the importance of environmental complexity in habitat quality. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2024-08-27T00:00:00Z