https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14122 2026-04-14T14:50:40Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/35586 Título: Fenologia, ecologia da polinização e reprodução em populações de Begonia saxicola A. DC (Begoniaceae) em área de Brejo de altitude no Agreste Pernambucano Autor(es): Souza, Gerlayne Teixeira de Orientador: Quirino, Zelma Glebya Maciel Abstract: Aspects related to floral biology, of a plant community provides subsidies for plant- animal interaction, as it provides an important tool for understanding the reproduction of plants and spatio-temporal organization, of the resources available in the environment to associated animals. In this study, we present data on phenological patterns and their relationship with abiotic factors, floral visitors, as well as aspects of the floral and reproductive biology of the population of Begonia saxicola, occurring in a swamp in the state of Pernambuco, highlighting the importance of the interaction of species with its pollinating agents. The leaf fall vegetative phenophase was the most regular, being recorded in the two years peaks in December corresponding to the dry season with ca. 80% of individuals in this phenophase. Budding phenophase lasted an average of 30 days, with a peak in May (rainy season). The peak in bud phenophase for male flowers in the two years of study showed peaks in July (82.5% and 83.3%), however, the button phenophase for female flowers, in the two years of studies, peaked in August. The flowering of B. saxicola lasted an average of three months and the fruits began their development in mid-August, at the beginning of the dry season. The species is monoecious, showing dyasium-like, cuminous inflorescences, with daytime anthesis, occurring in the early hours of the morning. Begonia saxicola have medium flowers (12- 17 mm), with distinct floral odors, between staminate (floral) and pistilate (sweet) flowers. In experiments on apomixis, they showed that this type of reproduction does not occur. In the flowers that were self-pollinated manually pollinated (geitonogamy) with endogenous pollen, fruit development did not occur, but those pollinated with exogenous pollen developed fruits. There was also no fruit development due to anemophilia. Two species of bees were observed, collected and identified during visits to the flowers, representatives of the Apidae family (Trigona spinipes; Apis melífera), one of the fly and the beetle. Apis mellifera and the other species of fly and beetle did not pollinate, being classified as a pollen plunderer, however T. spinipes was registered, making visits in both floral types. The reflectance of the different floral structures was considerably similar between the two floral types of the species. Modeling the color reflectance in the hexagon of the bee revealed that the color locations of the anther and the stigma were plotted in the same UV-green color space as the bees, while the tepals were traced in the achromatic space. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2020-03-13T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/35585 Título: Impactos geopoliticos na descrição de novas espécies de moluscos terrestres Autor(es): Abreu, Evandro Cosmo Tomaz de Orientador: Moura, Mario Ribeiro Abstract: Although 2.3 million species have been described worldwide, many remain unknown to science, meaning that our understanding of global biodiversity is based on only a fraction of the estimated species. This knowledge gap is not evenly distributed across the planet and can be influenced by the socioeconomic factors of countries. Here, we evaluated how taxonomic descriptions of terrestrial molluscs published over the past 20 years differed between countries in the Global North and Global South in terms of the presence of resident researchers, leadership by resident researchers, and comprehensiveness of the techniques adopted (number and type of methods, quantity of type-specimens, number of pages). We also examined whether the observed differences were related to the economic power of the countries that participated in and/or received taxonomic descriptions of new species. Our results highlighted a disparity between the Global North and Global South. While 76% of the descriptions were located in the Global South, only 37% of the new species had Global South researchers participating in the publications. Researchers from the North led 75.9% of the descriptions in their own territories, compared to only 27.1% of those residing in the Global South. The lack of reciprocity in international collaborations was evident, with 93% of collaborations from the South involving the North, but only 7% the other way around. The pattern of inequality also emerged in the accessibility of resources and tools, with species from the Global South showing lower proportions in the use of anatomical analyses, molecular biology, and the incidence of revisionary works. Descriptions conducted in the Global South also presented lower numbers of evidences and type-specimens analysed, resulting in descriptions with fewer pages. We demonstrated that most species discovered in the Global South did not include resident researchers, characterising parachute discovery practices. Moreover, the absolute number of parachute discoveries was positively related to the gross domestic product per capita of the countries. Our results indicate a strong presence of neocolonial academic practices, which do not contribute to reducing inequalities in taxonomic science. It is imperative that international collaborations consider more equitable approaches, which value building local capacity and ensure better chances for achieving international goals associated with the improvement of knowledge and conservation of global biodiversity. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2024-08-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/34063 Título: Dinâmicas urbanas no uso da terra influenciam a diversidade taxonômica, condição corporal e traços funcionais da assembleia de escorpiões em Brejos de altitudes Paraibanos Autor(es): Feitosa, Matheus Leonydas Borba Orientador: Roberto, Fredy Alvarado Abstract: Urbanization, a phenomenon that continuously transforms natural environments into industrial, residential, and agricultural areas, leads to high rates of deforestation, fragmentation, and land use changes. This process creates forest fragments embedded within urban matrices, forcing biodiversity to adapt to altered environments. Land cover and environmental heterogeneity shaped by urbanization impact the distribution and genetic diversity of species, while also increasing heat islands and climatic pressures. Urban growth has been associated with declines in body conditions and changes in the morphometric traits of organisms that manage to permeate these habitats. Furthermore, urbanization promotes biotic and functional homogenization, where ecosystems are composed of a reduced number of species with lower variability, performing similar functions in the environment. In the tropics, particularly in montane forest enclaves characterized by their humid forests at high altitudes, urbanization and human activities such as intensive agriculture and logging result in habitat loss and fragmentation. These ecosystems, rich in biodiversity, are particularly vulnerable due to their location within caatinga regions and socioeconomic limitations. Despite this, some species, such as scorpions, exhibit ecological plasticity, occupying various habitats, including urban areas. Scorpions, due to their sensitivity to environmental changes, emerge as potential bioindicators for monitoring the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity. Studies indicate that environmental complexity is crucial for the survival of these organisms, with more heterogeneous habitats offering greater availability of microhabitats and prey. Therefore, it is essential that modified ecosystems provide the minimum conditions for the survival and maintenance of populations, highlighting the importance of environmental complexity in habitat quality. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2024-08-27T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/34062 Título: Detecção, seleção de habitat, ocupação e densidade de aves em risco de extinção na Mata Atlântica do Nordeste. Autor(es): Lima, Diego Mendes Orientador: Araújo, Helder Farias Pereira de Abstract: Bird vocal activity can be adjusted seasonally due to changes in environmental conditions and interactions. It is important to identify and characterize patterns for threatened and rare species. This knowledge can be applied to determine the optimal period for scheduling individual species counts. Identifying the main bird detection window allows you to maximize records to estimate population density, understand the mechanisms that drive habitat selection and occupancy. This information supports understanding which habitat variations are important for species persistence, spatial behavior patterns and supports conservation measures aimed at improving habitat quality. We investigated how variation in bird species detection varies, providing the first population estimates, and identified which habitat-associated factors can influence the occupancy of threatened taxa, in tropical forest fragments in the Northeast Atlantic Forest, one of the most threatened areas of an important biodiversity hotspot. The data was collected over the course of a year, where two trained observers walked transects within the Guaribas Biological Reserve. As a result of this investigation, we identified the best bird detection window to outline the data collection period for population estimates, habitat selection and probability of occupancy, in the period between September 2022 and February 2023, in the Private National Heritage Reserve Gargaú. The negative finding with the forecast, where the detection hides two months before the start of the rainy season, which occurs between February and June. Some species are blocked throughout the year, others are blocked more during the drier period and others at the beginning of the rainy period. Even with this variation, the joint detection of these species was frequent during the dry period and the beginning of the rainy season. The probability of species occupancy was influenced differently, some effects of elements of the phytosociological structure, such as tree height and tree density, others are associated with areas far from the edge and close to rivers and streams in the interior of the forest, a another had its occupancy opportunity associated with points with shorter trees and, finally, we found a positive relationship between the occupancy of one of the species and humidity inside the forest. We also obtained estimates that will result in different population densities of the following taxa: Xiphorhynchus atlanticus (0.03 ind/ha), Platyrinchus mystaceus niveigularis (0.03 ind/ha), Momotus momota marcgravianus (0.04 ind/ha), Automolus lammi (0.04 ind/ha), Pyriglena pernambucensis (0.05 ind/ha), Xenops minutus alagoanus (0.09 ind/ha). The recorded population density estimates are considered low when compared to another common and non-threatened species in the area, Chiroxiphia pareola (0.33 ind/ha). We suggest that conservation measures on a local scale are mandatory, such as: 1) the planning of seedlings of native and late-stage species within the forest patch, 2) the connection with restoration between fragments, prioritizing locations with watercourses between them; 3) creation of policies and practices for ecological corridors and mosaics; 4) environmental education programs and incorporation of bird watching into an official tourism agenda with the participation of local agents. Such measures together will mitigate the effects of forest fragmentation, allowing the movement of species and the maintenance of biological diversity. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2024-04-29T00:00:00Z