https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2353 2026-07-25T12:23:10Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38483 Título: Práticas de consumo sustentável e sacolas biodegradáveis: educação ambiental e estudo sobre degradação Autor(es): Brito, Rafaella Camilla Meira Prado de Orientador: Cunha, Cláudia de Oliveira Abstract: Conventional plastic bags, derived from synthetic polymers of fossil origin, are durable and low-cost but contribute to waste accumulation and environmental pollution. Biodegradable bags, made from materials that decompose through microbial action, emerge as a more sustainable alternative, although their effectiveness depends on proper disposal and degradation conditions. This study evaluated sustainable consumption practices and the degradation of plastic bags labeled as “biodegradable.” Misleading green marketing, known as greenwashing, consists of applying the “biodegradable” label without evidence of actual biodegradability, influencing consumer choices. An environmental education activity was conducted at the EcoVárzea Agroecological Fair, on the UFPB Campus I, involving leaflet distribution and a questionnaire with 20 participants. The results showed a high level of environmental awareness, with understanding of the differences between conventional and biodegradable plastics and the importance of ecobags. However, only 40% of respondents reported always bringing their own ecobag, revealing a gap between knowledge and practice. The educational action was well received, indicating that awareness initiatives can promote more sustainable habits. Conventional and biodegradable bags were subjected to simulated photodegradation for 12 days, followed by ATR-FTIR spectral analysis. The results showed no significant changes in the characteristic polyethylene bands, suggesting low degradation efficiency of biodegradable bags in the short term. Literature review reinforced these findings, indicating that many so-called biodegradable products contain common polymers with pro-oxidant additives, and that current technical standards do not adequately address all disposal environments, especially the deep sea. In summary, this study highlights the need for stricter regulations, further research on actual biodegradability, and encouragement of reusable alternatives to reduce environmental impacts. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2025-10-03T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38418 Título: Metodologias verdes para a síntese de híbridos estruturais com atividade leishmanicida: uma revisão da literatura Autor(es): Costa, Rodrigo Souza Orientador: Lima Junior, Claudio Gabriel Abstract: Currently, there are resources to control or mitigate the different types of leishmaniasis, however, the disease remains neglected, affecting approximately 700,000 people per year, with higher incidence in tropical and subtropical regions of low- and middle-income countries. As an aggravating factor, conventional therapies are limited, based on drugs such as amphotericin B, miltefosine, and pentavalent antimonials, which present high toxicity, adverse side effects, and issues related to drug resistance. In this context, Medicinal Chemistry has emerged with strategies for the rational design and discovery of new chemotherapeutics, among which structural hybridization stands out, enabling the enhancement of biologically relevant activities by covalently combining two or more pharmacophoric subunits in a single structure. However, several synthetic processes in Medicinal Chemistry still rely on traditional methodologies, and therefore Green Chemistry and its 12 principles play a central role in changing this scenario, promoting safer, more efficient, and sustainable syntheses while minimizing energy consumption, reagent use, and hazardous waste generation. In this sense, this work aimed to perform a systematic literature review on alternative methodologies applied to the development of leishmanicidal hybrids from 2010 to 2025. The research was conducted through the SciFinder database and, by applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were collected on the investigated topic. Regarding alternative methodologies, microwaveassisted synthesis was the most recurrent, highlighting approaches such as one-pot reactions, solvent-free procedures, ultrasound irradiation, and catalysis. From a pharmacological perspective, the hybrids demonstrated superior performance to the parental subunits and comparable efficacy to reference drugs, indicating that the integration of structural hybridization with Green Chemistry principles represents a valid strategy for discovering potential therapeutic agents. Moreover, this review is expected to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art and serve as a reference to guide future research in this field. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2025-10-02T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/37883 Título: Avaliação da correlação entre contaminação crônica e granulométrica das areias das praias brasileiras afetadas pelo derramamento de óleo em 2019 Autor(es): Santos, Jessica Aparecida dos Orientador: Fragoso, Wallace Duarte Abstract: In the second half of 2019, the northeastern coast of Brazil was affected by an oil spill, considered the largest environmental disaster in the country in terms of both extent and impact. The oil reached more than 4,000 km of coastline, directly affecting several states in the Northeast and Southeast regions. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of possible polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples collected from beaches along the northeastern coast, using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy associated with the PARAFAC model and granulometric analysis of the soils. In the extraction stage, the headspace technique was employed, using a heating block connected to a vacuum pump operating with four test tubes per run. Each tube was sealed with a screw cap containing a nylon membrane, and 2 mL of an acetonitrile–water solution (40:60 v/v) was added along with the soil sample. This condition increased the polarity of the medium, favoring the release of gases that, drawn by vacuum, passed through the membrane. For granulometric analysis, soil samples were subjected to wet and dry sieving, followed by weighing. The application of the PARAFAC model to the spectroscopic data enabled the deconvolution of three factors, with factor 1 identified as a pyrene-type compound and factor 3 as a phenanthrene-type compound, based on comparison with standard solution spectra. Granulometric results showed that most samples consisted predominantly of coarse or very coarse sand. Tabatinga Beach (A) was the only one that presented mesokurtic classification across all sand fractions and consistent presence of factor 1, while the other beaches showed different kurtosis classifications throughout the fractions. The results indicate that fluorescence spectroscopy combined with the PARAFAC model was effective in identifying fluorescent compounds, even at low concentrations and in the presence of natural interferences. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2025-10-03T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/37865 Título: Aplicação de células de Geotrichum candidum na Reação de Baeyer-Villiger em Acetofenona Autor(es): Sousa, Kelly Teotonio de Orientador: Vale, Juliana Alves Abstract: Biocatalytic processes are extremely important in obtaining low-cost chemical products for high value-added processes. In addition, most biotransformation processes are carried out using biodegradable materials under normal temperature and pressure conditions, maintaining good reaction performance compared to traditional synthetic methods due to their high specificity and chemical selectivity. This work aims to study the characteristics of the fungus Geotrichum candidum CCT 1205 in the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction of acetophenone, controlling variables such as the volume of substrate and quantity of biomass. In the oxidation reaction of 20 μL of acetophenone substrate, 95.8% conversion of acetophenone to phenol was confirmed by hydrolysis in 2 g of wet biological material and 81.2% with 3 g after 36 hours of reaction. The effect of the volume of substrate was also significant, with 89% of phenol converted in just 24 hours when 20 μL of acetophenone was added to 2 g of biomass, making it the ideal amount of substrate to add. The quantity of biomass and substrate responses were monitored by GC-FID. It is through these studies that it is possible to understand the properties of Geotrichum candidum, such as its optimum conditions in reaction with acetophenones for application in future work with other types of substrates. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC 2024-05-10T00:00:00Z