https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4348 PPGCJ 2026-08-30T06:29:50Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38805 Título: O direito autoral como subsistema multi-identitário e a indispensabilidade funcional/estrutural de mecanismos operativos intersistêmicos de observação e recalibragem Autor(es): Soares, Matheus Victor Sousa Orientador: Medeiros, Robson Antão de Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to undertake a systemic analysis of Brazilian Copyright Law, considering its different self-preservation mechanisms, in accordance with the premises of Luhmann's Systems Theory. It is recognised that the System of Law - or Subsystem, depending on the perspective and skills of the Observer - is capable of self-observation and respective selfimprovement, which are corollaries of the so-called autopoiesis. We also recognise the phenomenon of exponential internal differentiation that made it possible for Subsystems to emerge; these compartmentalisations help us understand the evolution of Social Systems from a Luhmannian perspective, that the ‘autopoietic abilities’ of the Law System were and are reproduced by the constituent elements of its Affluent Subsystems. In this way, these Subsystems began to build their own structures and operate with the aim of preserving their nuclei in the face of external influxes that increase their complexity. Among the traditional Subsystems of Law, the Copyright Subsystem has shown the greatest weaknesses, mainly because it was built according to individualistic and proprietary assumptions, which are now repelled by the ‘Culture of Sharing’ based on the construction of collaborative environments orientated by otherness. Transnationally, it can be seen from the frequent theoretical incursions and legislative additions made in countries such as Portugal, Italy, Germany and France - and, at EU level, in the European Union through specific directives - that the author's prerogatives are constantly being contracted, expanded and sometimes recreated, revealing an impetus for resemanticisation. In this context, the following research question arises: how is it possible to functionally preserve the Brazilian Author Subsystem considering its structural tendency towards allopoiesis? The aim, therefore, is to describe the processes of genesis and expansion of the authorial subsystem in the light of Luhmannian Systems Theory, through the lens of the Observers, highlighting, in the Brazilian case, the need to create and maintain a central observation structure capable of observing, filtering and recalibrating intrasystemic operations in a way that is consistent with its autopoietic nature. The systemic method is chosen as the method of approach, weighing up adherence to the theoretical premises of Luhmann's Systems Theory, indicating and attempting to organise the complexities inherent in authors' rights at the forefront. As for the procedural methods used to construct the thesis, the historical and comparative methods will be adopted. The Thesis will be carried out by means of indirect documentation, concentrating predominantly on analysing national and foreign works, as well as official documents, from which the real cause of the relative stagnation in the development of copyright theory in Brazil can be extracted. This thesis credits its originality, novelty and contribution to placing the Copyright Subsystem in the wake of a Legal Culture of Human Rights, amalgamating the Brazilian understanding of the individuality of the subject-author with a network of current, vivid and cross-border discussions. In short, it is a question of examining certain rights of the author whose multi-identity, in this Thesis, is recognised and prospected.; RESUMEN. Esta tesis se centra en la realización de un análisis sistémico del Derecho de Autor brasileño, considerando sus diferentes mecanismos de autopreservación, de acuerdo con las premisas de la Teoría Luhmanniana de Sistemas. Se asume que el Sistema de Derecho - o Subsistema, dependiendo del turno y habilidades del Observador - está dotado de capacidad de autoobservación y respectiva auto-corrección, corolarios de la llamada autopoiesis. Reconocemos también el fenómeno de diferenciación interna exponencial que posibilitó el surgimiento de Subsistemas; estas compartimentaciones nos ayudan a comprender la evolución de los Sistemas Sociales desde una perspectiva Luhmanniana, es decir, que las «capacidades autopoiéticas» del Sistema Ley fueron y son reproducidas por los elementos constitutivos de sus Subsistemas Afluentes. De esta forma, estos Subsistemas pasaron a construir sus propias estructuras y a operar con el objetivo de preservar sus núcleos frente a influjos externos que aumentan su complejidad. Entre los Subsistemas tradicionales del Derecho, el Subsistema del Derecho de Autor ha mostrado las mayores debilidades, principalmente porque fue construido de acuerdo a supuestos individualistas y propietarios, que ahora son repelidos por la «Cultura del Compartir» basada en la construcción de ambientes colaborativos orientados por la alteridad. En el ámbito transnacional, las frecuentes incursiones teóricas y adiciones legislativas realizadas en países como Portugal, Italia, Alemania y Francia -y, en el ámbito de la UE, en la Unión Europea mediante directivas específicas- demuestran que las prerrogativas del autor se contraen, amplían y, a veces, recrean constantemente, lo que revela un ímpetu de resemantización. En este contexto, surge la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cómo es posible preservar funcionalmente el Subsistema Autor brasileño teniendo en cuenta su tendencia estructural a la alopoyesis? El objetivo, por lo tanto, es describir los procesos de génesis y expansión del subsistema autorial a la luz de la Teoría Luhmanniana de Sistemas, a través de la lente de los Observadores, destacando, en el caso brasileño, la necesidad de crear y mantener una estructura central de observación capaz de observar, filtrar y recalibrar las operaciones intrasistémicas de forma coherente con su naturaleza autopoiética. Se opta por el método sistémico como método de abordaje, ponderando la adhesión a las premisas teóricas de la Teoría de Sistemas de Luhmann, indicando e intentando organizar en primer plano las complejidades inherentes a los derechos de autor. En cuanto a los métodos procedimentales utilizados para la construcción de la tesis, se adoptarán los métodos histórico y comparativo. La Tesis se realizará por medio de documentación indirecta, concentrándose predominantemente en el análisis de obras nacionales y extranjeras, así como de documentos oficiales, de los cuales se podrá extraer la verdadera causa del relativo estancamiento en el desarrollo de la teoría del derecho de autor en Brasil. Esta tesis acredita su originalidad, novedad y contribución para situar el Subsistema de Derecho de Autor en la estela de una Cultura Jurídica de los Derechos Humanos, amalgamando la comprensión brasileña de la individualidad del sujeto-autor con una red de discusiones actuales, vivas y transfronterizas. Se trata, en fin, de examinar ciertos derechos del autor cuya multiidentidad, en esta Tesis, es reconocida y prospectada. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese 2025-08-29T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38802 Título: Entre o cuidado e a carreira: uma análise dos planos estaduais de valorização da mulher advogada sob a ótica do direito humano do cuidado Autor(es): Oliveira, Luiza Araujo Orientador: Borges, Maria Creusa de Araújo Abstract: This study examines how gender stereotypes related to the unpaid care work performed by women lawyers are addressed in the internal regulations of the Brazilian Bar Association. The research focuses on the Plans for the Valorization of Female Lawyers (Planos de Valorização da Mulher Advogada) made by nine state sections of the association to analyze the incorporation of the human right to care, as a means of promoting gender equality, within the Brazilian legal profession. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to undertake a critical analysis about the incorporation of the human right to care within the nine Plans, with the intent of ascertaining whether these sectional bodies have effectively managed to: recognize, reduce, and redistribute unpaid care work; promote social and gender co-responsibility; establish support infrastructure; and adequately address the intersectional dimensions of care. To this end, instruments of International Human Rights Law and the national legal framework are examined, allowing for an understanding of how gender inequalities and care work are perceived and represented by the institution. The methodology adopts a qualitative approach, featuring documentary analysis and Laurence Bardin's content analysis, grounded in feminist theories of gender, the sexual division of labor, care and intersectionality. Guided by the research question, "How have the State Plans for the Valorization of Female Lawyers incorporated the human right to care?", the research finds that while most of the plans address the issue indirectly, they fail to present lines of action aimed at effectively reducing and redistributing this burden, such as measures to promote equal share of care responsibilities between men and women. The research intends to contribute to the development and review of norms and public policies focused on gender equality, providing data to support the work of public representatives, companies, and institutions in incorporating the Human Right to Care into these regulations. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-09-09T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38732 Título: O paradoxo da tolerância nas mídias alternativas: a nova direita e a era da pós-verdade Autor(es): Vasconcelos, Anna Sara Farias de Orientador: Fontes, Narbal de Marsillac Abstract: This study aims to analyze how the expansion of tolerance and the use of social media have fueled the proliferation of disinformation, post-truth, and the rise of hate speech promoted by the New Right, generating a dilemma in which freedom of expression threatens the very foundations of a tolerant society. Based on this objective, the justification rests on the academic, legal, and social relevance of the debate on freedom of expression, disinformation, alternative media, and democracy, especially in digital contexts marked by polarization, institutional erosion, and a crisis of public trust. In this scenario, the problem guiding the investigation is expressed in the following question: in what aspect might the paradox of tolerance in alternative media influence the New Right and the Post-Truth Era? To support this investigation, the theoretical framework draws on key authors on tolerance, democracy, alternative media, the New Right, and post-truth, such as Popper (1974), Bobbio (1986; 2004; 2012), D’Ancona (2018), Empoli (2019), Peruzzo (2023; 2025), Moscoso (2020), Rosa (2019), Teitelbaum (2020), Sarlet (2024), Charaudeau (2015; 2022), Vattimo (1990), and Holiday (2022), articulating political communication, political philosophy, constitutional law, and democratic theory. Based on this theoretical and analytical approach, the main conclusions indicate that unrestricted tolerance in digital environments favors the legitimization of intolerant discourses, the normalization of disinformation, and the weakening of democratic deliberation, requiring normative, communicational, and institutional strategies capable of protecting freedom of expression without validating practices that erode democracy itself. The work demonstrated that alternative media operate with flexible structures and depend on digital social networks, expanding circulation and visibility, but also favoring ideological capture. It was evidenced that algorithmic logic prioritizes emotionally charged content, intensifying disinformation and polarization. It was found that post-truth functions as a symptom of communicational instability, guiding informational consumption through beliefs and affiliations. The results indicated a weakening of public deliberation and institutional trust. The historical influence on the rise of the New Right and the need to apply the paradox of tolerance to preserve democracy in digital contexts marked by political disputes were confirmed. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2026-03-26T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38659 Título: Crise de hegemonia do direito e proteção jurídica dos deslocados internos por violência armada : um estudo de caso na cidade de Fortaleza Autor(es): Silva Filho, Francisco Cláudio Oliveira Orientador: Sobreira Filho, Enoque Feitosa Abstract: This research addresses the phenomenon of internal displacement due to armed violence in the city of Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil), from socio-legal and dogmatic-normative perspectives. The expulsion of people from their homes by illegal armed groups is a global issue affecting millions of people. Most of these people remain within their countries: internal displacement. This type of displacement has been growing worldwide due to the increase in armed conflicts and other situations of armed violence. In Fortaleza, as in other urban centers in Latin America, the displacement of people due to violence is recurrent in territories marked by the presence of armed groups, especially criminal factions and militias, which exert control over the populations. In parallel, displacement due to armed violence expresses an inability of the State to enforce its norms and the mechanisms for protecting the affected people, pointing to a crisis of hegemony of legal normativity. The research problem is: what are the mechanisms of legal protection for people affected by internal displacement due to armed violence in the city of Fortaleza, and how effective are they? The hypothesis raised to answer the question suggests that the legal protection mechanisms for people displaced by armed violence in Fortaleza are insufficient, given the absence of specific legal treatment and the disregard for international norms on the protection of internally displaced persons. Furthermore, there is a specificity in the causes that motivate this displacement: the criminal governance exercised by illegal armed groups. The objective of this work is to analyze the nature and effectiveness of the legal protection mechanisms (international and national) for people displaced by armed violence, using the city of Fortaleza as an empirical focus. Specific objectives are: 1) to understand the causes and conditions that lead to internal displacement due to armed violence in Fortaleza; 2) to analyze the legal protection mechanisms for people displaced by armed violence; 3) to discuss state responses and their effectiveness in protecting people displaced by armed violence in Fortaleza, based on a case study. The research employs the historical-dialectical method, a qualitative-descriptive research approach, and a case study methodology. Regarding the empirical scope, the research is spatially limited to the city of Fortaleza and temporally to the years 2014 and 2024. As theoretical references, the work draws on Óscar Correas, in his dialogue with Kelsen and Gramsci, on the relationship between Law and Hegemony; C. Oliveira and C. Trindade, concerning the concept of protection for internally displaced persons; and Briceño-León, regarding the sociology of violence in Latin America.; RESUMEN Esta investigación aborda el fenómeno del desplazamiento interno por violencia armada en la ciudad de Fortaleza (Ceará, Brasil), desde perspectivas sociojurídicas y dogmático-normativas. La expulsión de personas de sus hogares por grupos armados ilegales es un problema global que afecta a millones de personas. La mayoría de estas personas permanecen dentro de sus países: desplazamiento interno. Este tipo de desplazamiento ha ido en aumento a nivel mundial debido al incremento de los conflictos armados y otras situaciones de violencia armada. En Fortaleza, al igual que en otros centros urbanos de América Latina, el desplazamiento de personas por violencia es recurrente en territorios marcados por la presencia de grupos armados, especialmente facciones criminales y milicias, que ejercen control sobre la población. Paralelamente, el desplazamiento por violencia armada expresa la incapacidad del Estado para hacer cumplir sus normas y los mecanismos de protección de las personas afectadas, lo que evidencia una crisis de hegemonía de la normatividad jurídica. El problema de investigación es: ¿cuáles son los mecanismos de protección jurídica para las personas afectadas por el desplazamiento interno por violencia armada en la ciudad de Fortaleza y cuál es su eficacia? La hipótesis planteada para responder a la pregunta sugiere que los mecanismos de protección jurídica para las personas desplazadas por la violencia armada en Fortaleza son insuficientes, dada la ausencia de un tratamiento jurídico específico y el desprecio por las normas internacionales sobre la protección de las personas desplazadas internamente. Además, existe una especificidad en las causas que motivan este desplazamiento: la gobernanza criminal ejercida por grupos armados ilegales. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la naturaleza y la eficacia de los mecanismos de protección jurídica (internacionales y nacionales) para las personas desplazadas por la violencia armada, tomando como caso de estudio la ciudad de Fortaleza. Los objetivos específicos son: 1) comprender las causas y condiciones que conducen al desplazamiento interno debido a la violencia armada en Fortaleza; 2) analizar los mecanismos de protección jurídica para las personas desplazadas por la violencia armada; 3) analizar las respuestas estatales y su eficacia en la protección de las personas desplazadas por la violencia armada en Fortaleza, a partir de un estudio de caso. La investigación emplea el método histórico-dialéctico, un enfoque cualitativo-descriptivo y la metodología de estudio de caso. En cuanto al alcance empírico, la investigación se limita espacialmente a la ciudad de Fortaleza y temporalmente a los años 2014 y 2024. Como referencias teóricas, el trabajo se basa en Óscar Correas, en su diálogo con Kelsen y Gramsci, sobre la relación entre Derecho y Hegemonía; C. Oliveira y C. Trindade, en relación con el concepto de protección de las personas desplazadas internamente; y Briceño-León, en relación con la sociología de la violencia en América Latina. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese 2025-11-07T00:00:00Z