https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4452 PRODEMA 2026-08-13T12:28:29Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38491 Título: Abordagem metagenômica para análise do microbioma e resistoma em rios do bioma amazônico Autor(es): Melquiades, Davi Bezerra Orientador: Campana, Eloiza Helena Abstract: Although Brazil has a rich biodiversity, the Amazon biome and its aquatic matrices have been undergoing intense degradation, being exposed to pollutants, including antimicrobials. Environments contaminated by these compounds may become sites for the selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, which can be transferred to environmental or pathogenic bacteria. AMR already constitutes a serious public health problem, being associated with more than 4.95 million deaths annually, reinforcing the need for interdisciplinary techniques for rapid detection, such as metagenomic analyses combined with bioinformatics for the identification of resistance genes. This study aimed to identify and analyze the microbiome and the resistome in Amazonian aquatic matrices, as well as to develop pipelines for the detection of natural AMR reservoirs. DNA from samples originating from effluents of rivers in the state of Amapá was isolated using the commercial DNeasy® PowerSoil® kit and then sequenced using Nanopore technology. Subsequently, standardized pipelines were applied for quality assessment, filtering, and assembly. For pipeline validation, pilot samples from the Jaguaribe River (João Pessoa, PB) were used, due to the good contiguity of the assemblies and excellent N50 and L50 values. Taxonomic analyses were performed using Kraken2, and the resistome was characterized with different databases, such as CARD, ResFinder, and NCBI. Visual materials addressing AMR and One Health were developed. The application to Amazonian data was efficient in both assembly strategies. In the Flye approach, dominant taxa such as the phylum Pseudomonadota prevailed, with emphasis on Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, in addition to Actinomycetota and Thermoproteota at several sites. The MEGAHIT assembly showed greater fragmentation but enabled the detection of abundant and low- coverage taxa, as well as possible pathogens such as Pseudomonas and Enterobacterales. From the MEGAHIT assemblies at sites AP2 and AP9, the resistance genes blaOXA-60 and RbpA were identified, associated with the genera Ralstonia and Mycolicibacterium, respectively. The developed pipelines proved to be effective for the analysis of the microbiome and resistome of environmental metagenomic DNA from aquatic matrices, and the detection of these genes reinforces the importance of surveillance in biomes under degradation. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-10-31T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38095 Título: Secas no semiárido paraibano análise de extremos pluviométricos e vulnerabilidade nos municípios de Picuí, Sousa e Sumé Autor(es): Florêncio, Helayne Luiza de Sousa Orientador: Filgueira, Hamilcar José Almeida Abstract: Climate change corresponds to persistent alterations in climate patterns, evidenced by variations in temperatures, in the frequency of extreme events, and in the functioning of atmospheric and oceanic systems, affecting ecosystems and human activities at different scales. In this context, semi-arid regions tend to show greater sensitivity to climate variability, particularly regarding water availability and the occurrence of droughts. Given this scenario, the main objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of the rainfall regime and drought vulnerability in the municipalities of Picuí, Sousa, and Sumé, located in the semi-arid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The adopted methodology included the analysis, for the period from 1994 to 2023, of the Consecutive Dry Days Index (CDD) and the Consecutive Wet Days Index (CWD), as well as the statistical analysis of time series using the Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope, and Pettitt tests. In addition, drought vulnerability was calculated through a composite index structured from indicators of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The results indicate few consecutive days with precipitation, highlighting the municipality of Sousa, with a maximum value of nine CWD in the years 2008, 2018, and 2020. On the other hand, long drought intervals were observed, particularly in Sumé, which recorded nearly one year of CDD. A statistically significant increasing trend in CDD was observed in the municipality of Sumé, indicating an intensification of dry periods over time, while Picuí and Sousa did not show defined trends. The analysis also revealed low water recovery capacity after dry periods, especially in Picuí and Sumé. The drought vulnerability assessment pointed to differences among the municipalities, with higher vulnerability in Sumé, associated with the intensification of dry periods and adaptive limitations, and relatively lower vulnerability in Sousa, influenced by lower sensitivity and support from external water infrastructure. It is concluded that drought vulnerability in these municipalities is strongly conditioned by the temporal irregularity of rainfall and by how the territories are structured to respond to climate extremes, reinforcing the need for integrated and territorially differentiated adaptive strategies. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2026-02-24T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38091 Título: Eventos extremos de chuva e soluções baseadas na natureza no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil Autor(es): Sousa, Natália Duarte de Orientador: Filgueira, Hamilcar José Almeida Abstract: This study analyzed the relationship between Nature-based Solutions (NbS), Extreme Rainfall Events (ERE), and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), combining a bibliometric review of the literature with a spatiotemporal analysis of rainfall variability in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, as well as a comparative analysis between the municipalities of João Pessoa and Guimarães, Braga, Portugal. This review allowed us to consolidate a theoretical framework on NbS and deepen its application in the context of urban flooding, highlighting an exponential growth in global scientific production in the last decade, especially between 2021 and 2025, reflecting the recognition of NbS as sustainable alternatives to conventional infrastructure in the face of climate change. Based on climatological analysis, it was found that the highest daily rainfall volumes and the highest frequency of ERE in João Pessoa are concentrated in areas close to the coast, associated with climatic patterns such as La Niña and/or Negative Dipole, which favor the occurrence and intensification of rainfall. Although no statistically significant trend of increase or decrease in average annual rainfall and ERE was identified, at least one extreme event has occurred annually over the last 15 years, but this is not always associated with hydrometeorological disasters, highlighting the role of socio- environmental and infrastructure factors in determining risk. It has been noted that NbS are highly adaptable and multifunctional, with the potential to strengthen urban resilience, sustainability, and innovation in public policies when implemented in an integrated and participatory manner. Experiences in Guimarães and João Pessoa have demonstrated their contribution to mitigating floods and flooding, although their implementation in Brazil is still sporadic and poorly integrated. João Pessoa's potential to expand green areas, reduce impervious surfaces, restore urban rivers, implement eco-trails and green corridors, and strengthen participatory processes is noteworthy. The study also highlighted the importance of institutional structures, such as research laboratories and environmental education, for integrating actions between public authorities, universities, and civil society, enabling testing, climate monitoring, and community engagement. It was concluded that the research contributed to the advancement of knowledge on NbS applied to ERE and DRR, reinforcing the need for future studies with quantitative modeling to assess their effectiveness and support João Pessoa's adaptive planning in the face of the climate emergency, considering NbS as efficient, economical, and sustainable alternatives for DRR. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2026-02-24T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/37848 Título: A floresta nacional de Restinga\PB e sua influência nas condições microclimáticas de áreas adjacentes Autor(es): Silva, Ingrid Almeida da Orientador: Santos, Joel Silva dos Abstract: The metropolitan region of João Pessoa, in Paraíba, underwent a process of disordered urban growth, profoundly transforming the use and occupation of the soil, reducing mainly the Atlantic Forest. In this region there is a fragment occupied by the Conservation Unit (UC) called the National Forest (Flona) of Restinga de Cabedelo. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the role of vegetation in mitigating the urban heat islands of the study area. At first, an analysis of the city's general climatology was carried out using a 30-year historical series of data on temperature, relative air humidity, wind velocity and precipitation using data from an INMET station located in João Pessoa. Posteriorly, air temperature and relative humidity were measured during the months of January to March (dry period) using a Hobo® thermohygrometer U10-003 at 5 experimental points in the study area. These points were distributed in the urban area-FLONA, with three points located in the urban network and two located in the forest with three monitoring points in the urban area and two within the forest itself. For the calculation of the urban heat island, a reference point P05, located in Flona, was used, from which the values were calculated, and afterwards its magnitude was classified. And Thom's thermal index of discomfort was also calculated. The results allowed to characterize the microclimate of the study area and to identify that the environmental changes provoked by the urbanization process directly affect the temperature and relative humidity of the air, as well as in the formation and intensity of heat island. The points located in the urban area P01, P02 presented the highest temperatures, heat islands and IDT, and P03 (closest to the forest) had lower values. On the other hand, P04 and P05 presented the best conditions of temperature, relative humidity and thermal comfort. In this way, a thermal gradient was obtained, where as the monitored points approached the forest, the temperature, islands of heat and thermal discomfort decrease and the relative humidity of the air increases. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2018-03-29T00:00:00Z