https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4453 PPGE 2026-09-03T14:36:35Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38813 Título: Avaliação de Impacto do programa Paraíba Unida Pela Paz Autor(es): Brito, Nathanael Matheus Pereira Martins de Orientador: Araujo, Jevuks Matheus de Abstract: Despite Brazil being considered one of the most violent nations in the world, little has been used in the country of the consolidated strategies in the international literature as efficient programs for the prevention and reduction of violence. This is observed above all in the Northeast, a region that experienced a significant increase in violence in the 2000s and took the lead in the number of homicides in the country since 2009. Paraíba showed an even more expressive growth in violent crimes, becoming in 2011 the third state with the highest homicide rate in Brazil. That same year, the state government launched the “Paraíba Unida Pela Paz” Program and, in the following years it was observed a reduction in the number of homicides at about 30%. Thus, the main goal of this paper lied on carrying out an impact evaluation of the program over the number of homicides. For this, data were used at municipal level in the period from 2008 to 2017, and through the combination of the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Differences in Differences (DD) methods. Accordingly, the main results show that the intervention had an impact of 15% on the number of homicides, and when analyzing the heterogeneous impact, this effects was larger and more robust over the young people aged 15 to 29 years (14%) and the black population (18%). Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2022-02-18T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38799 Título: O Mercosul e a tributação sobre as empresas: um estudo exploratório Autor(es): Rodrigues, Maria Esmeralda Orientador: Cavalcanti, Guilherme Albuquerque Abstract: The main objective of this study is to effect a exploratory investigation in the national tax system of the nations signatory of the Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUL) concerning the internal taxation incidence on the companies in the perspective of indentifying how the lack of symmetry can bias its evolution. The question valued is the aforesaid established land mark as a limiting factor in the creation of competition conditions among the companies. The basic hypothesis is that the harmonization of the tributary norms is a essential stage in the whole integration process. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 1999-03-29T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38341 Título: Ensaios em Economia da Educação: impacto da política pública de ensino no Brasil Autor(es): Fernandes, Diego Palmiere Orientador: Souza, Wallace Patrick Santos de Farias Abstract: Early childhood education is established in Law No. 9,394/1996, known as the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education (LDB), as the first stage of basic education, comprising daycare centers, intended for children aged zero to three years, and preschools, aimed at children aged four to five years. The expansion of enrollment at this level has been a central focus of Brazilian educational policy in recent decades, being essential to ensuring the right to education and promoting social and economic development. In this context, the National Program for the Restructuring and Acquisition of Equipment for the Public Early Childhood Education Network – Proinfância was established in 2007, with the objective of financing the construction, expansion, and restructuring of early childhood education facilities through federal government funds transferred to municipalities. The first essay of this dissertation aims to assess the effects of Proinfância on two fundamental dimensions: (i) the academic performance of students in the early years of elementary education, and (ii) the labor market participation of women at the municipal level, over the period from 2001 to 2023. The methodology employed is based on the Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Periods approach, following Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021), which allows for the estimation of causal effects considering the staggered adoption of the policy by municipalities over time. The results indicate that the program had a significant positive impact on the expansion of enrollments in early childhood education, as well as on improvements in academic performance, particularly in Portuguese and mathematics in the 5th grade. Furthermore, although the expansion of early childhood education through Proinfância led to advances in coverage, its impact on formal female employment appears to be limited or nonexistent at the national level. The main contribution of this essay is to provide robust empirical evidence on the multiple effects of expanding early childhood education in Brazil, reinforcing the role of public policies in promoting educational equity and enhancing female economic participation. The second essay aims to evaluate the efficiency of Brazilian municipalities in converting public educational resources into student performance outcomes, with a focus on the effects of the implementation of the New FUNDEB, during the period from 2009 to 2023. This analysis is grounded in the understanding that education is a strategic driver for human, economic, and social development, as well as a core commitment of countries under the United Nations 2030 Agenda, particularly within Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which aims to ensure inclusive, equitable, and quality education for all. Despite advances in the financing of basic education over recent decades, Brazil continues to face persistent challenges in translating increased investment into effective improvements in learning outcomes, as reflected in the stagnation of indicators such as IDEB and SAEB. In response, this essay seeks to determine whether the changes introduced by the New FUNDEB have positively influenced the efficiency of municipalities in managing educational resources. To this end, two complementary methods were employed. In the first stage, the study applied the Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (Dynamic DEA) based on the Slacks- Based Measure (SBM) model proposed by Tone and Tsutsui (2010). This approach allows for the measurement of intertemporal technical efficiency of municipalities in converting inputs—such as public expenditures, enrollments, and infrastructure—into educational outcomes, considering the cumulative effects over time. In the second stage, a truncated regression with bootstrap, following the methodology of Simar and Wilson (2007), was used to identify how structural, fiscal, and institutional characteristics of municipalities impact their efficiency scores, particularly in the context of the financial restructuring brought about by the New FUNDEB. The findings reveal that the New FUNDEB, through the VAAT and VAAR equalization mechanisms, has played a significant role in improving efficiency scores, especially among small and medium-sized municipalities, which tend to have lower fiscal capacity and greater structural vulnerabilities. This result highlights the redistributive nature of FUNDEB, not only as a financial equalization mechanism but also as a driver for improving the efficiency of educational resource management. On the other hand, the study demonstrates that increasing financial resources alone is not sufficient to ensure meaningful improvements in educational quality, particularly in the upper years of elementary education. Factors such as effective school management, teacher qualification, adequate infrastructure, and local socioeconomic conditions remain decisive in determining the efficiency levels of municipalities. The contributions of this study are threefold: (i) it presents an unprecedented application of the Dynamic Network DEA model with SBM across all Brazilian municipalities, covering a longterm horizon both before and after the implementation of the New FUNDEB; (ii) it incorporates a two-stage analysis using the robust truncated regression with bootstrap proposed by Simar and Wilson (2007), enabling the identification of the external determinants of municipal efficiency; and (iii) it provides empirical evidence capable of informing the design of more effective public policies, grounded in productivity, distributive justice, and a focus on reducing educational inequalities. Nevertheless, the study is subject to limitations, including reliance on quantitative indicators (IDEB and SAEB), incomplete data availability for some municipalities, and the challenge of capturing qualitative factors related to school management, organizational climate, and community engagement. Moreover, external shocks—such as economic crises or political changes—are not fully incorporated into the model. In summary, the results reinforce that, given Brazil’s historical challenges, it is not enough to simply invest more in education—it is essential to invest better. The improvement of basic education in Brazil requires not only adequate financial resources but also efficient, equitable, and strategically oriented management, with a strong commitment from municipal, state, and federal governments to build educational systems that are more inclusive, sustainable, and capable of fostering long-term social and economic development. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese 2025-06-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/37726 Título: O Sistema de Seleção Unificado (SISU): o efeito sobre os indicadores educacionais e a politica de bonificação da Universidade Federal da Paraíba Autor(es): Garcia, Lucas dos Santos Orientador: Araujo, Jevuks Matheus de Abstract: This work is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, the aim is to evaluate the impact of SISU on university educational indicators, using detailed administrative and student data for the period from 2010 to 2016. The results indicate that, over time, participation in SISU increased dropout rates by an average of 8% to 13.54 percentage points, depending on the control group used. However, SISU had no effect on graduation rates or on university performance in the ENADE exam. In the second chapter, the effects of the bonus policy implemented by UFPB during the 2022 SISU selection process are investigated, evaluating its influence on student approval, course choice, and average scores among those who completed high school in Paraíba. The analysis uses SISU microdata to construct two datasets: the first is used for a simulation, and the second for estimation with longitudinal data on the candidates. The results show that, in the 2022 selection process, the bonus increased the probability of approval for beneficiaries by 13.1 percentage points. Moreover, 41.22% of approved candidates were directly benefited by the bonus, and it was observed that students who received the bonus tended to apply for courses with higher cutoff scores. To carry out the estimations, both chapters employ the Difference-in- Differences methodology. In the first chapter, this approach was used to capture effects over multiple time periods. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-02-27T00:00:00Z