https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/5434 PPGF 2026-09-24T13:16:30Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/39258 Título: Entre o reino da alma e da cidade : a educação como enfrentamento à desordem política em Platão Autor(es): Rezende, Maria Julia Silva Orientador: Bonneau, Cristiano Abstract: This study examines the education of the human soul proposed by Plato as a form of resistance both to the chaos of political tyranny and to the tyranny of the passions that dwell within man. The investigation begins with the philosopher’s own political experience and develops through an analysis of the dialogues Republic, Meno, and Phaedo, interpreted in light of authors such as Eric Voegelin, Leo Strauss, and Giovanni Reale. The reflection intertwines soul (ψυχή) and polis, starting from the understanding presented in the Republic (368d–369a) that the city is like man writ large. From this perspective, Plato recognizes that the evils of political life do not arise from laws but from the disorder of the souls of citizens and rulers. For this reason, he was not seduced by the illusion of restoring justice through decrees: he knew that before reforming institutions, it was necessary to educate the spirit. His purpose was therefore not to change governments but to transform man himself, lifting him from the shadows of falsehood and guiding him toward true reality through the education of the soul. In the end, an ancient and ever- relevant principle is reaffirmed: politics is inseparable from human nature, and the foundation of all civilization rests upon what is most subtle and precious in man—his very own soul. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-08-27T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38966 Título: Sintaxe e Semântica Universais Autor(es): Pereira, Márcio Kléos Freire Orientador: Leclerc, André Abstract: The aim of this work is to present and comment the main aspects of Richard Montague's proposal of an Universal Grammar, as well as illustrate this proposal with applications for two fragments of a natural language (to wit: Portuguese). The applications in our work are an adaptation of Montague's own results of similar proceedings for fragments of English. These applications differ one from the other by the strategy of semantic interpretation employed in both cases.; Le présent travail a pour objectif d'exposer et commenter les principaux aspects de. la conception de la Grammaire Universelle du philosophe contemporaine Richard Montague et d'illustrer cette conception à l'aide d'applications à deux fragments déclaratifs d'une même langue naturelle (à savoir, le portugais). Les applications qu'on trouvera dans notre travail sont une adaptation des résultats d'applications similaires à des fragments de l'anglais faites par Montague lui-même. Ces applications se distinguent l'une de l'autre par la stratégie d'interprétation sémantique employée dans les deux cas. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 1996-12-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38864 Título: Vícios epistêmicos: ontologia e responsabilidade Autor(es): Leite, Lusandro Oliveira Orientador: Lopes, Arthur Viana Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to address two central questions in the epistemology of vices: What kinds of things are epistemic vices, and in what sense are vices blameworthy or reprehensible? The choice of this topic is motivated by the philosophical concern that intellectual vices constitute some of the most problematic forms of human behavior. Our work focuses on one of the main strands of contemporary studies in the epistemology of vices — namely, the investigation of their structure, defining characteristics, and impact on knowledge. To this end, in the first chapter we examine an ontological question: What kinds of things are epistemic vices? We aim to provide a diagnosis of the psychology of intellectual vices based on the two leading contemporary theories — obstructionism and motivationism. We then briefly argue in favor of a moderate ontological and normative pluralism, according to which a plural account of what vices are and what makes them bad can overcome certain explanatory shortcomings found in purely motivationist or purely obstructionist approaches. In the second chapter, we turn to the question of what it takes to be properly blameworthy or criticizable for one’s epistemic vices. We begin with an overview of Cassam’s (2019) account, according to which an individual can be responsible — and therefore blameworthy — for a particular vice if (i) his or her past actions led to its development (responsibility of acquisition), or (ii) they have the ability to revise or control that vice but fail to do so (responsibility of revision). A person may also be blameworthy if their epistemic flaws reflect badly on them and constitute a deep-seated quality of their character. We then examine Battaly’s (2019) critique, which highlights a “responsibility problem” in the epistemology of vices: namely, that vices must be reprehensible in some sense, meaning that agents can be blameworthy or guilty in a nonvoluntarist way, even when they are not responsible for having those vices and have no control over them. Finally, we consider a possible solution proposed by Tanesini (2021) to Battaly’s challenge. This proposal yields a disjunctive account of criticizability for possessing an epistemic vice — an explanation inspired by the Strawsonian approach to holding people responsible for their character traits. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-08-28T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38826 Título: A dimensão artística da estética corporal a partir de Byung-Chul Han Autor(es): Machado, Bárbara Freire Gratão Orientador: Caminha, Iraquitan de Oliveira Abstract: This study seeks to understand the artistic dimension of bodily aesthetics. The aesthetic experience of the body as art, in view of beauty, is constituted through habits that supposedly act as sustaining elements of beauty, from a cognitive and scientific perspective, through techniques based on harmony and proportion, health, and well-being. Thinking of bodily aesthetics as art requires the establishment of two dimensions: the dimension of artisticity and artifical intervention. Bodily care, based on artificial interventions, has been sharply criticized by Byung-Chul Han, who, in Saving Beauty, explores the phenomenon of contemporary aesthetics, interpreting it as an experience characteristic of the aesthetics of smoothness and disaster. Here, the study of beauty linked to bodily care is not considered an issue alien to philosophical aesthetics, nor can it be restricted solely to visagism, makeup techniques, massage therapy, harmonization, or aesthetic nutrition. Nor should this theme become solely dependent on the standards of commercial aestheticism, indifferent to philosophical and scientific reflection on beauty and bodily aesthetics linked to self-care. It is a phenomenological and even existential philosophical problem, as it concerns the phenomenon of corporeality itself and is directly related to self-knowledge and self-care, since bodily aesthetics ultimately becomes one of the fundamental elements of knowing and caring for oneself. Thus, this research poses the following question: Could therapeutic aesthetics be an art that teaches us to see ourselves and others anew, allowing us to deepen our relationship with beauty, the world, and ourselves? To what extent is contemporary bodily aesthetics connected to art as a therapeutic technique, to health as a cultivation of natural beauty, and to interpersonal relationships as an opening to the bodily contemplation of oneself and the other as beautiful? Addressing these aesthetic questions as a philosophical problem through Byung-Chul Han’s perspective is necessary to determine the extent to which bodily aesthetics constitutes an aesthetic treatment linked to artistic sensibility, as it relates to the sensitive, touches sensitivity, awakens the feeling of beauty, and constitutes meaning. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-08-29T00:00:00Z