DSpace Coleção: PPGO

Telemonitoramento por aplicativo de celular como estratégia de assistência odontológica para crianças e adolescentes com câncer

2023-12-11T00:00:00Z

Título: Telemonitoramento por aplicativo de celular como estratégia de assistência odontológica para crianças e adolescentes com câncer Autor(es): Lima, Thayana Maria Navarro Ribeiro de Orientador: Sousa, Simone Alves de Abstract: The use of mobile applications as a telemonitoring tool can be considered an applicable strategy in Dentistry for the prevention, promotion of oral health, and assistance in the diagnosis of comorbidities. From the perspective of pediatric cancer patients, comprehensive dental care is needed in conjunction with the care provided by the multidisciplinary team. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the photographic tool of a mobile application to enable subsequent telemonitoring of dental conditions in children and adolescents with cancer. For this purpose, two work plans were developed. In the first plan, information on the accuracy of photos taken with mobile applications for the detection of potentially malignant lesions and the monitoring of patients was evaluated through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Its results suggest the feasibility of diagnosis through remote exams with photos taken by applications and indicate the possibility of using these technologies in regions where access to healthcare professionals is not guaranteed. The importance of further research on this topic is also emphasized to ensure the effective incorporation of similar remote exams in dental clinical practice. In the second plan, the accuracy of remote examination of oral mucositis through photos taken by the Pediatric Oncology Telemonitoring (TON) mobile application was assessed. This plan sought to evaluate the scientifically based remote telemonitoring strategy discussed in the first plan. The development of TON can be considered one of the major advances in dental care provided to pediatric patients in the studied oncology hospital, and this application seems to be a viable option to expand attention both in the hospital environment and remotely, in the cities where children, adolescents, and their families reside. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy results of TON application for remote examination of oral mucositis and severe oral mucositis were favorable. Initial cases of oral mucositis could be identified through photographs, suggesting that patients with this condition can be remotely guided if this tool is made available for use. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação

Efeito do carvacrol sobre fatores de virulência de cepas de Candida albicans isoladas da mucosa oral: um estudo in vitro

2024-12-20T00:00:00Z

Título: Efeito do carvacrol sobre fatores de virulência de cepas de Candida albicans isoladas da mucosa oral: um estudo in vitro Autor(es): Pequeno, Iasmin Freitas Pimentel Orientador: Rocha, Walicyranison Plinio da Silva Abstract: Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida yeasts, mainly Candida albicans. This infection usually affects the oral mucosa and it is frequently observed in individuals who suffer from immunological impairment. The standard therapeutic approach consists of using conventional antifungal drugs, however, their high levels of toxicity, as well as the emergence of drug resistant strains, request the search for brand new treatment alternatives, in addition to an improved understanding about the impact of such substances on the virulence factors expressed by these pathogens. In this sense, carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpenoid compound, found in oregano essential oils, has stood out for its antifungal and antimicrobial potential. In consideration of that, this investigation aimed to notice the effect of carvacrol on the virulence factors of C. albicans strains isolated from the oral mucosa. The morphogenesis capacity and the lipase activity were the examined virulence aspects. The study involved 13 C. albicans strains collected from the oral mucosa of individuals with oral candidiasis and 1 reference strain (ATCC 90028) which were submitted to every assay under 2 simultaneous conditions: in the presence and in the absence of carvacrol (MIC = 128 μg/mL). The mentioned compound was capable of reducing the germ tube emission in most of the studied strains (from 72,27% ± 14,2% to 13,97% ± 22,2%) and showed efficiency in reducing filamentation (from IM = 2.9 to IM =1,9); as soon as pseudohyphae was the most prevalent morphology in the absence of carvacrol, although, the elongated and spherical cells became most frequent with carvacrol. Afterwards, it was verified that the tested compound could significantly reduce hyphal length on every strain in which remained the hyphal morphology, furthermore it was capable of preventing the formation of filamentous colonies in solid medium, producing uniquely smooth colonies. Finally, carvacrol was efficient inhibiting the lipase activity from each analyzed strain. By highlighting the in vitro influence of carvacrol on the virulence factors of C. albicans, we recommend that this monoterpene should be considered a promising compound added to the formulation of new and efficient antifungal drugs but, obviously, complementary researches aiming its clinical performance are necessary to prove its low toxicity and therapeutic efficacy in human beings. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação

Estimativa de sexo em brasileiros utilizando mensurações orbitárias em tomografias computadorizadas : abordagens convencional e por aprendizado de máquina

2025-12-19T00:00:00Z

Título: Estimativa de sexo em brasileiros utilizando mensurações orbitárias em tomografias computadorizadas : abordagens convencional e por aprendizado de máquina Autor(es): Oliveira, Yasmin Caldas de Macêdo Abrantes Rodrigues de Orientador: Santiago, Bianca Marques Abstract: Human identification requires resources that match the complexity of the expertise involved. Estimating sex is essential for establishing an individual's biological profile in the process of identifying human remains. However, the use of foreign parameters in Brazilian samples is often ineffective. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of computed tomography (CT) in measuring the Orbital Index for sex estimation in individuals from the Brazilian population, comparing multiplanar (MPR) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. The sample was obtained by sample calculation (95% confidence, 5% error) and consisted of 386 CT (CBCT and MSCT) scans of patients performed in private clinics, balanced by sex (193 male and 193 female) and distributed proportionally among the five macro-regions of Brazil. Skull or face CT scans with FOV that allowed full visualization of the orbital anatomical points were included; cases with morphofunctional alterations, surgeries, fractures, neoplasms, and individuals with bone immaturity (<18 years) were excluded. Height, width, and IO measurements were performed in MPR and 3D using the free RadiAnt DICOM Viewer 2025.2 software. Intra- and inter-examiner agreement was assessed in 10% of the sample using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), presenting excellent values (ICC > 0.90), with a standardized protocol and triple-blind masking. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using Jamovi 2.3 and Python 3.13.5 software. The normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p > 0.05) and homogeneity (Levene, p > 0.05) of the data were confirmed, and parametric tests were then applied. There was a significant difference between MPR and 3D (paired t, p < 0.05), with a mean IO of 110.59 (± 6.112) in MPR and 100.57 (± 6.451) in 3D, indicating an underestimation of 3D in relation to MPR (≈8.84%; ± 5.01%). Men had larger linear orbital dimensions than women in both reconstructions (p < 0.001), but IO dimorphism was confirmed only in 3D (p < 0.001), following this reconstruction for subsequent analyses. The 3D reconstruction revealed a moderate correlation between the right and left orbital indices and a strong correlation between these measurements and the mean orbital index. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) conducted with the mean index demonstrated low discriminatory capacity, explaining 5% of the variability between sexes and achieving an overall accuracy of 60.6%. The ROC curve confirmed statistically significant but limited discrimination (AUC = 0.637). Machine learning models (Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest) trained with 3D orbital measurements showed accuracies between 0.603 and 0.679 and AUC between 0.590 and 0.700, indicating moderate and relatively homogeneous performance among the algorithms. In all models, orbital widths—especially the right one—were the most relevant variables, while orbital heights showed minimal contribution. The findings confirm that both linear measurements and orbital indices derived from 3D reconstruction have limited discriminatory capacity for sex estimation, even with the use of advanced multivariate methods. The influence of reconstruction (MPR and 3D) highlights the need for specific morphometric parameters for the Brazilian population, ensuring more accurate interpretations in forensic and clinical applications. The findings show that orbital morphology obtained by computed tomography (MPR and 3D) has limited discriminatory capacity for sex estimation, given the low effect of the measurements, the wide overlap between groups, and the moderate performance of statistical and computational approaches. Thus, the orbital index should not be used either as an aid in multivariate models or as isolated indicators. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese

Avaliação de colutório contendo sistema de liberação controlada de flúor: estudo clínico Randomizado

2018-12-12T00:00:00Z

Título: Avaliação de colutório contendo sistema de liberação controlada de flúor: estudo clínico Randomizado Autor(es): Moura, Helene Soares Orientador: Sampaio, Fábio Correia Abstract: Objective: To evaluate in vivo the effect of mouthwash with controlled-release system (CRS) for the delivery of fluoride (F) on the retention of F in dental biofilm and saliva. Material and methods: The mouthwashes used in the study were: Placebo (without F); A (225 ppm, all free sodium fluoride); B (225 ppm, 50% free sodium fluoride + 50% CRS-sodium fluoride); C (225 ppm all CRS-sodium fluoride). A randomized, triple-blind crossover clinical trial study was performed with twenty- one residents of a city without water fluoridation programe. After weekly use of mouthwashes, samples of biofilm and saliva were collected 1h and 12h after the last rinse for biofilm and, 0 to 60 minutes and 12 hours for saliva. The concentrations of F in saliva and biofilm were analyzed by specific electrode through diffusion technique facilitated by hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS). Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test (p<0.05). Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for saliva data. Results: For AUC0-60min the values were: A (162.2) > B (138.3) > C (129.6) > Placebo (4.80). In biofilm, mouthwash B presented highest value of F concentration (ug/kg) for 1h (4.886) and A (5.038) for 12h. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the CRS for delivery of fluoride tested in this study provides a different pattern of fluoride delivery compared to free fluoride formulations and may present a beneficial effect since it has the potential for increasing substantivity of F in the oral cavity. Clinical relevance: Mouthwashes with controlled fluoride release systems can be a good post-brushing product to increase the levels of fluoride in the oral cavity. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação