https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/7670 PPGDH 2026-06-09T06:19:25Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38088 Título: "Meu medo mesmo é de menstruar na escola? : violações de direitos humanos contra adolescentes em decorrência da pobreza menstrual na cidade de João Pessoa-PB" Autor(es): Sousa, Mariana Lima de Orientador: Tannuss, Rebecka Wanderley Abstract: Menstrual poverty refers to the lack of access to menstrual hygiene products, running water, basic sanitation, medication, and information about one's own body. Combined with the unavailability of menstrual containment items, this condition leads menstruating individuals to use improvised alternatives, which may result in urinary tract infections and even life-threatening complications. It affects girls, women, trans men, and non-binary people, and because the topic is historically surrounded by taboos and stigma, there is a scarcity of data and public debate, whose most immediate impact is school absenteeism, severely compromising educational trajectories. This study aims to analyze human rights violetonas arising from menstrual poverty within the educational context of João Pessoa, Brazil, focusing on students enrolled in the 6th to 9th grades. This exploratory and qualitative research was conducted through fieldwork involving questionnaires and discussion circles with 21 menstruating participants. The main findings reveal that most participants are Black or Brown individuals from low-income backgrounds who spend much of their school years menstruating; that absenteeism is the most frequent consequence, with participants missing more than 50 school days per year, generating a perceived academic lag compared to boys; that shame is the most prevalent feeling, accompanied by persistent menstrual stigmas; that bullying directly affects their well-being; and that there is a curricular and institutional gap in addressing the topic, reflected in the absence of school activities and lack of teacher preparation, which hinder adequate support and limit anti-bullying actions essential for ensuring access and school retention. The study concludes that there is still a long path ahead in combating menstrual poverty in educational settings, highlighting the need for teacher training, improvements in school infrastructure, and the incorporation of a curriculum grounded in education in and for Human Rights as essential strategies for building a more just and equitable society. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-10-24T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38052 Título: Aprisionamento cautelar por crimes de drogas e direitos humanos: uma análise de decisões judiciais em Habeas Corpus na capital paraibana Autor(es): Leite, Luís Erirrane Batista Orientador: Garcia, Renata Monteiro Abstract: In 2025, the state of Paraíba recorded a rate of 31.81% of individuals deprived of liberty in pretrial detention, a percentage higher than the national average (BRASIL, 2025). These individuals await the progression of their criminal proceedings while incarcerated, despite being constitutionally presumed innocent. In this context, drug trafficking stands as the main criminal charge leading to the imposition of preventive custody (CNJ, 2017). Nevertheless, public data on pretrial incarceration remain scarce and often outdated. This informational gap reflects the limited willingness of the Judiciary to develop policies aimed at managing, identifying, and reducing the pretrial prison population. Such lack of initiative reveals an institutional perception that tends to treat these individuals as disposable, reducing their condition to mere figures within the penal system. Guided by critical criminology, this study analyzed 61 habeas corpus judgments selected from 373 decisions issued by the Court of Justice of Paraíba between 2021 and 2024, employing thematic categorization of qualitative data as its analytical technique (Dias & Mishima, 2023). The results indicate a markedly denial- oriented trend, with more than 90% of requests rejected both in preliminary injunctions and on the merits. The repeated use of public order as the primary justification was observed even in cases involving small quantities of drugs and first-time offenders. The decisions frequently relied on generic reasoning, lacked individualized analysis of conduct, and emphasized the abstract gravity of the offense. The findings also show that most arrests originated from police flagrante delicto conducted by the Military Police, with no reference to prior investigations, and that judgments by the Criminal Chamber were, as a rule, unanimous. These elements reveal the reproduction, within the judicial sphere of Paraíba, of mechanisms that legitimize precautionary imprisonment associated with drug policy. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-10-27T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38035 Título: O reconhecimento jurídico das mulheres trans: abordagem, violência e direitos humanos no sistema judiciário Autor(es): Zaidan, Milly Lilian Resende Orientador: Rabay, Glória de Lourdes Freire Abstract: The denial of full recognition of the gender identity of transgender women within the judicial and police spheres constitutes a form of symbolic and institutional violence. To discuss this issue, this work uses as a reference the case study of a transgender woman who was a victim of domestic violence perpetrated by her partner, whose gender identity and social name were disregarded in the police investigation report. The refusal to validate gender identity, especially through the non-use of the social name, reinforces institutional practices that, although appearing legally legitimate, reproduce inequalities and power hierarchies, compromising access to justice and violating international commitments undertaken by the Brazilian State. Although the Domestic Violence Court granted a protective measure based on the Maria da Penha Law, demonstrating some progress in legal protection, the disregard for gender identity in the police sphere reveals the fragmentation of the justice system and the lack of uniformity in guaranteeing rights. This difference in institutional treatment indicates that the recognition of the citizenship of transgender women may be conditioned by the legal space in which state action occurs, revealing the existence of symbolic territories of power and exclusion. The marginalization of the victim reflects the persistence of a cis-heteronormative logic rooted in institutional structures, which produces invisibility, revictimization, and helplessness. The lack of adequate training and prejudice on the part of public agents contribute to the normalization of discriminatory practices and to the alienation of victims from reporting and protection mechanisms. Thus, the disregard for gender identity goes beyond mere bureaucratic error, constituting a denial of the social, political, and legal existence of the person. It is concluded that the effective realization of full citizenship for transgender women requires more than isolated normative advances, demanding the transformation of institutional culture, the continuous training of public servants, and the implementation of protocols that ensure full respect for gender diversity within the justice system. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-12-15T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38034 Título: O livro de leituras "Viver é lutar" (1963): uma problematização sobre a dignidade humana como prática de Educação em Direitos humanos Autor(es): Silva, Emmily Daiane da Orientador: Andrade, Fernando Cézar Bezerra de Abstract: Taking as its object of study the reading book “Viver é lutar” of the Movimento de Educação de Base (MEB), understood as a didactic material characterized by the expression of dignity within the context of the 1960s, this research aimed to analyze the reading book as a “instrument of Rights,” problematizing the notion of human dignity present in its lessons and iconographies in the context of 1963. The methodological paths adopted included bibliographic, documentary, and iconographic approaches, grounded in discourse analysis as the central method. The proposed analyses are based on the contributions of the following authors: Le Goff (2003), Sharpe (1992), Ventura (2001), Santos (2014), Alves and Tonnetti (2021), Freire (1989), among others. In terms of recalling the movement, it is important to emphasize that the educational proposals of the MEB in the 1960s, stemming from Catholic initiatives, moved toward the emancipation of the popular classes and marked a period in which the government of the time, under President João Goulart, and the clergy aligned their interests with social issues, thereby seeking to direct educational policies and practices in favor of subalternized populations. The MEB and its didactic material thus mark the history of the 1960s by giving concrete form to an educational proposal concerned with the construction of civic consciousness and, consequently, with a politics directed toward subjects, making it possible to envision that, through this bond, dignity and other rights could be achieved. Thus, in the reading book, the verb “to hope” (esperançar), as Paulo Freire (1989) aptly reminds us, is structured through portrayals and lessons that enabled the worker, the protagonist of the MEB, to recognize his condition as an exploited subject and, from that recognition, to struggle for the conquest of his rights. This study seeks to enable present and future generations to recall moments in which education, in its liberating form, allowed workers to recognize themselves as an exploited class, to understand the importance of claiming their rights, and, furthermore, to encourage them to feel the desire to engage in the struggle against the erasure of these memories, for remembering, and, consequently, resisting, can be understood as revolutionary acts. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-11-28T00:00:00Z