https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/7763 PPGER 2026-07-23T18:57:05Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38266 Título: Avaliação técnico-econômica-ambiental de um sistema de geração híbrido com auxílio de baterias novas e de segunda vida Autor(es): Almeida, Katarina Ferreira Trigueiro de Orientador: Reis, Raphael Leite de Andrade Abstract: Renewable energy sources are intermittent and require flexibility solutions, such as energy storage systems (ESS). Among these, battery energy storage systems (BESS) stand out for their fast response, low operating costs, and potential for applications such as peak shaving and frequency regulation. However, they face limitations such as high upfront costs, reduced lifespan, and degradation due to charge and discharge cycles. In this context, second-life batteries (SLBs) emerge as a promising alternative. This study evaluates the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of hybrid solar and wind systems using both new and second-life batteries, based on real data from the municipality of Tacaratu (PE), with the aim of meeting residential demand during peak hours. The analysis considered meteorological data, consumption profiles, commercial technologies, and scenarios of installed capacity variation. According to the results, batteries, especially new ones, can reduce grid dependence by up to 30%. SLBs, while showing slightly lower performance, offer lower costs and reduced environmental impact, even though they require a larger number of units to compensate for their reduced capacity. Despite this, almost all the analyzed scenarios showed financial infeasibility, with a negative Net Present Value (NPV) and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) below expectations, even with variations in the Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR). The only scenarios that proved to be financially viable were those with 25% of the expected initial capacity and only one renewable source; purely battery-based scenarios showed no viability at all. This highlights the need for regulatory reforms that recognize the services provided by ESS, such as power supply, energy reserve, and ancillary services. Proposed measures include the definition of storage agents, tariff adjustments, participation in capacity auctions, and incentives for research and development. The study reinforces the strategic role of batteries in Brazil’s energy transition, especially when integrated with renewable sources. The adoption of SLBs may accelerate their economic and environmental viability, but it depends on public policies that value the flexibility services provided to the power system. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-07-31T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38246 Título: Impactos ambientais e socioeconômicos da implantação de uma usina solar fotovoltaica no estado da Paraíba Autor(es): Bernardo, Maria da Conceição Gomes Orientador: Reis, Raphael Leite de Andrade Abstract: The study addresses the installation of a solar power generation and distribution plant in the municipality of Juazeirinho, Paraíba, Brazil. The research aims to identify and analyze the environmental and social impacts resulting from the installation process of a 1 MW photovoltaic plant, from the initial stages to project completion. The study seeks to quantify and qualify these impacts, proposing mitigation strategies and material reuse practices. Legal and environmental aspects are highlighted, emphasizing the role of the National Environment Council (CONAMA) and the need for Simplified Environmental Licensing (LAS) for such enterprises. The study area was analyzed using simplified Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) tools, identifying influence zones, installation methods, mitigation measures, and environmental control programs. The research was motivated by the lack of environmental licensing in small-scale solar enterprises in the semi-arid region of Paraíba. The results indicated impacts of moderate to high magnitude, mainly vegetation suppression, soil compaction, and landscape alteration. It is recommended to adopt waste reuse practices and implement continuous environmental monitoring programs to reduce negative effects and strengthen the sustainability of the solar energy sector. It is concluded that the practical and systematic application of EIA tools in small-scale projects represents a relevant contribution to the improvement of environmental assessment and management practices at the local scale. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/37358 Título: Gases de efeito estufa associados às operações de uma cooperativa de materiais recicláveis Autor(es): Oliveira, Murilo dos Santos Orientador: Carvalho, Monica Abstract: Recyclable material cooperatives play a crucial role in promoting recyclingandmaterial circularity, generating resource savings and environmental benefits; however, theiractivities also result in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions stemfromtheprocessing and transportation of recyclable materials. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) isavital methodology for identifying the environmental impacts of different waste treatment methods, guiding decisions on more sustainable technologies and policies. Thus, theoverall objective of this study is to assess the GHG emissions associated with the wastecollection process of the Itamare recycling cooperative, located in the municipalityofItabaiana (Paraíba – Brazil), and to investigate strategies for their mitigation. Toachievethis, three specific objectives were defined. The first involves a systematic literature reviewthat combines bibliometric analysis and content analysis, focusing on recyclingcooperatives and LCA. This stage provided a broader understanding of the current stateofthe art in both areas. The results showed that, within a set of 54 articles addressingrecycling cooperatives, only 12% discussed the LCA methodology, highlightingadeveloping field and a possible lack of awareness regarding the importance of this methodfor the subject under study. This review also enabled the selection of articles that providedthe necessary foundation for the analyses required in the design of the study. In the secondstage, GHG emissions (carbon footprint) associated with the Itamare recycling cooperativewere quantified. For this purpose, the LCA methodology was applied, consideringtheprocesses of collection, processing, and transportation of waste destined for recyclingcompanies. It was found that, from a total of 194.98 t CO₂-eq emitted monthly, 99.9%wereassociated with the collection of 150 tons of assorted waste and the transportationof 40tons of plastic waste using a diesel-powered vehicle. This portion accounted for over 99%of the GHG emissions, highlighting transportation as the main critical point. Finally, inthethird stage, technological alternatives with the potential to reduce these emissions wereinvestigated. Initially, the replacement of regular diesel with S-10 diesel was considered, followed by blends of biodiesel (at 20%, 25%, and 100% proportions). The possibilityofreplacing the cooperative’s truck with an electric vehicle was also considered. The resultsshowed that using 20% and 25% biodiesel could reduce GHG emissions by up to3.06%(715.04 t CO₂-eq/year), provided that compatible vehicles are used. With pure biodiesel, the reduction could reach 29.99%, also depending on vehicle adaptation. The data collectedmay guide other cooperatives and promote sustainable practices in the sector, reinforcingthe importance of integrating science, operations, and public policy in the transitiontoalow-carbon economy. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-07-29T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/37290 Título: Amortização do passivo ambiental de sistemas solares fotovoltaicos: estudo de caso no edifício CEAR-UFPB Autor(es): Araújo, Ana Paula Freire de Orientador: Carvalho, Monica Abstract: The increase in electricity generation through renewable sources has been a global strategy to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the energy generation sector, thus contributing to mitigating climate change. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental impacts of photovoltaic systems, focusing on the calculation of environmental payback time and the reduction of GHG emissions. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was used, which allowed for quantifying the environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of photovoltaic systems. The study was structured into three articles: the first conducted a bibliometric review of the diffusion of LCA in photovoltaic systems, highlighting the need for greater participation from Latin American and African countries in research on the topic. The second article calculated the life cycle inventory of the original photovoltaic system for a university building and quantified the GHG emissions. In the third article, an update to the photovoltaic system was proposed, using more modern modules. The results showed that, by adopting more efficient models, energy production increased by 39.40% and 106.67% in Scenario 1 (system power) and Scenario 2 (total area utilization), respectively. Additionally, the choice of more efficient modules contributed to the reduction of GHG emissions, decreasing the environmental payback time. In Scenario 0, which used the original system, GHG emissions were 182,927 kg CO2-eq, with 266,531.48 kg CO2-eq of emissions avoided, and the environmental payback time was 13 years, 3 months, and 29 days, with a total production of 2,539,126 kWh. In Scenario 1, which considered the system's power, GHG emissions were 89,406 kg CO2-eq, with 407,572.54 kg CO2-eq of emissions avoided, and the payback time was reduced to 5 years and 14 days, with a production of 3,539,646.71 kWh. In Scenario 2, which utilized the total available area, GHG emissions were 141,006 kg CO2-eq, with 593,644.25 kg CO2-eq of emissions avoided, and the payback time was 5 years, 5 months, and 13 days, with a total production of 5,247,501.79 kWh. These results highlight the potential of photovoltaic systems to mitigate the environmental impacts of electricity generation, especially when using more efficient technologies, which not only increase energy production but also significantly reduce GHG emissions and environmental payback time. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação 2025-04-17T00:00:00Z