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Atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais de diferentes cultivares de Humulus lupulus sobre espécies de Candida não albicans

Tue, 22 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais de diferentes cultivares de Humulus lupulus sobre espécies de Candida não albicans Autor(es): Batista, Maria Lúcia Dantas do Nascimento Orientador: Castro, Gisely Maria Freire Abílio de Abstract: The increasing incidence of infections caused by Candida non-albicans species, coupled with resistance to conventional antifungal agents, highlights the importance of seeking effective nat- ural alternatives. Among explored options, essential oils obtained from commercial varieties of Humulus lupulus: Pahto, Lupomax Citra, Lupomax Mosaic, and Columbus, were tested against strains Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258 to evaluate antifungal activity. Testing was conducted using the microdilution technique in Sabouraud Dextrose broth, employing serial dilutions in 96-well plates, with nystatin as a positive control. Additionally, for the determination of the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), concentrations equiv- alent to the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), MICx2, and MICx4 were used, allowing the classification of the oils as fungicidal or fungistatic based on the MFC/MIC ratio. Investi- gations also assessed the involvement of fungal cell wall and plasma membrane as possible targets, using sorbitol and exogenous ergosterol, respectively, alongside caspofungin and nys- tatin as positive controls. Essential oils from the Pahto, Lupomax Citra, and Lupomax Mosaic varieties showed identical MIC values of 250 µg/mL, whereas the Columbus variety stood out with a MIC of 250 µg/mL for C. glabrata and 125 µg/mL for C. krusei. These results indicate moderate bioactivity for the first three hop varieties, while Columbus essential oil exhibited moderate bioactivity against C. glabrata and good bioactivity against C. krusei. The fungicidal nature of all tested oils was confirmed by the MFC/MIC ratio. Moreover, investigation into the fungal cell wall showed no significant change in MIC values in the presence of sorbitol, indi- cating no action on the fungal cell wall. Conversely, assessment of the plasma membrane showed elevated MIC values in the presence of exogenous ergosterol, especially for Pahto and Columbus oils against C. glabrata, and for all four hop varieties against C. krusei, suggesting plasma membrane involvement. Essential oils from Pahto, Lupomax Citra, and Lupomax Mo- saic varieties demonstrated moderate antifungal activity against both C. glabrata and C. krusei, while Columbus oil exhibited moderate activity against C. glabrata and strong activity against C. krusei. The plasma membrane of C. krusei was identified as the primary target for all studied essential oils, whereas for C. glabrata, only Pahto and Columbus oils showed effective plasma membrane action. Further studies are necessary to deepen the understanding of the action mech- anisms of essential oils derived from hop varieties. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC

Influência do tratamento oral com o complexo ni(ii)-melofen no desenvolvimento experimental da lesão pulmonar aguda induzida por lipopolissacarídeo

Thu, 17 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Influência do tratamento oral com o complexo ni(ii)-melofen no desenvolvimento experimental da lesão pulmonar aguda induzida por lipopolissacarídeo Autor(es): Cândido, João Pedro de Sousa Orientador: Alves, Adriano Francisco Abstract: Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is an inflammation characterized by the presence of intense neutrophilic infiltration, resulting from increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier in the lungs. The main causes are sepsis, blood transfusions, and infections by gram-negative bacteria. Morphologically, structural alterations are observed in the cells of the pulmonary parenchyma, as a consequence of the increase in cytokines and reactive oxygen species, which ultimately lead to cell death. Treatment is currently based on supportive therapies, such as mechanical ventilation; however, these therapies carry a high risk of lung collapse. Additionally, there is no standard pharmacological treatment that reverses the present inflammatory condition. Therefore, the need arises for the search for new therapeutic alternatives, such as metallodrugs, which are substances widely researched for their already proven anti-inflammatory effects. Among them, the Ni(II)-Melofen metal complex stands out due to in vitro studies that demonstrate this action. Thus, the aim of the research was to assess the influence of treatment with the Ni(II)-Melofen complex on the development of LPS-induced API in mice. For this, male Swiss mice were experimentally challenged with LPS to develop the disease. At the end, macroscopic analyses were performed, such as the appearance, color, size, and weight of the lungs, along with microscopic analyses through Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. The data were tabulated and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-test, with a statistical significance level of 5% (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that treatment with the Ni(II)-Melofen complex was able to, macroscopically, reduce the size of the lungs and lesions, as well as decrease lung weight. Microscopically, there was an increase in alveolar spaces, a reduction in their occlusion, a decrease in neutrophilic infiltration, and preservation of alveolar structure. Thus, treatment with Ni(II)-Melofen proved to be a promising therapeutic alternative for API by reducing inflammation caused by LPS. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC

Diagnóstico molecular e perfil clínico-epidemiológico de infecções por influenza e vírus sincicial respiratório detectados por rt-qpcr em hospital infantil da paraíba (2023-2024)

Wed, 09 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Diagnóstico molecular e perfil clínico-epidemiológico de infecções por influenza e vírus sincicial respiratório detectados por rt-qpcr em hospital infantil da paraíba (2023-2024) Autor(es): Araújo, Thaís de Lima Orientador: Bezerra, João Felipe Abstract: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) affect various age groups, being most frequent among children under five years of age and the elderly. These infections can progress to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), a potentially fatal condition that often leads to hospitalization and death. Among the main etiological agents are the Influenza virus (FLU) and the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), both of which are highly transmissible. The diagnosis of these viral respiratory infections is primarily based on molecular techniques, with RT-qPCR being the gold standard for the accurate detection of these pathogens. The present study aims to analyze the clinical epidemiological profile of children and adolescents diagnosed with Influenza and RSV by RT-qPCR during the years 2023 and 2024 at a hospital in João Pessoa. This is a quantitative epidemiological study conducted at the Laboratory of Applied Molecular Surveillance (LAVIMAP). Children and adolescents presenting respiratory symptoms and who underwent nasopharyngeal swab sample collection were included in the study. Molecular analyses were performed using RT-qPCR to detect Influenza A and B, RSV, and other respiratory viruses. Statistical analysis was conducted using variance and chi-square tests, with a 95% significance level. Out of 940 samples analyzed, 195 tested positive for Influenza or RSV, with 159 samples meeting the inclusion criteria. RSV was predominant among children under two years of age, whereas Influenza was more frequent in older age groups. A clear seasonality was observed, with higher incidence of both viruses between March and June. Additionally, risk factors such as comorbidities were associated with an increased likelihood of hospitalization and clinical complications. The study highlights the importance of epidemiological surveillance in identifying the seasonal and clinical patterns of Influenza and RSV infections. The data obtained contribute to the development of control strategies, optimization of hospital resource allocation, and reduction of the impact of respiratory infections on the pediatric population. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC

Potencial bioativo dos produtos naturais de origem vegetal frente ao câncer de mama induzido por dmba em ratas wistar: uma revisão integrativa

Wed, 16 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Potencial bioativo dos produtos naturais de origem vegetal frente ao câncer de mama induzido por dmba em ratas wistar: uma revisão integrativa Autor(es): Silva, Ana Beatriz Franco da Orientador: Tafuri, .Luciene Simões de Assis Abstract: Cancer is a disease that is difficult to define, but its main characteristic is the uncontrolled growth of cells. Among the various types of cancer, the most common form of breast cancer originates from epithelial cells of the breast and is characterized by cellular alterations such as disordered proliferation and loss of differentiation, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Research using murine models of mammary carcinomas, induced by DMBA in rats, has been highly relevant due to the anatomical and functional similarities with the female human breast. Given the need for effective and less aggressive therapies, natural products of plant origin have been investigated as alternatives to conventional treatments. This study, through an integrative literature review, analyzed the influence of natural products on reducing DMBA-induced damage in a murine model of breast cancer. Based on the analysis of 15 articles, it was observed that plant extracts reduced tumor incidence, volume, and mass, as well as decreased levels of the tumor marker Ca 15-3. In the context of oxidative stress, six studies reported a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while ten studies showed increased activity of catalase (CAT) and ten studies demonstrated an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, confirming the antioxidant effects of natural compounds. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed, with five studies reporting a reduction in inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12. The extracts also demonstrated histological protective effects, promoting the preservation of mammary architecture, reducing tumor aggressiveness, increasing lymphocytic infiltration, and, in four studies, decreasing hyperplasia, proliferation, and ductal dilation. Thus, reinforcing the efficacy of plant compounds in mitigating DMBA-induced damage, both in the mammary parenchyma and in the organs involved in its metabolism. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC