DSpace Coleção:

Isolamento e identificação de fungos dermatófitos em solo de áreas públicas no município de João Pessoa – Paraíba

Wed, 30 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Isolamento e identificação de fungos dermatófitos em solo de áreas públicas no município de João Pessoa – Paraíba Autor(es): Souza, Annie Carollyne de Orientador: Rocha, Walicyranison Plínio da Silva Abstract: Dermatophytoses are skin infections caused by keratinophilic fungi that affect the stratum corneum of the skin and its appendages, leading to progressive inflammatory reactions. The main representatives of this group are distributed among the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. These are filamentous, septate, and hyaline fungi, capable of colonizing and causing clinical lesions in keratinized tissues. Species identification is essential for tracking and monitoring the predisposing factors of infection, as fungi causing dermatophytoses can be categorized into three groups based on their natural habitat: geophilic, zoophilic, or anthropophilic. The present study aimed to isolate and identify species of dermatophyte fungi from the soil of public squares and parks in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba. Samples were collected using a previously sterilized spatula and sterile universal collectors. Sample processing involved inoculation on Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar and selective mycobiotic agar, in addition to the hair-bait method. A total of 30 soil samples were processed. No growth or isolation of dermatophytes was observed on the culture media used. However, growth was noted using the hair-bait method (13 samples; 43.3%). Trichophyton rubrum was the only species isolated (13 samples; 100%). The hair-bait technique is the optimal method for isolating keratinolytic fungi from soil samples. T. rubrum is the most prevalent species found in the soil of the collected urban areas. Conducting research with environmental samples allows us to contribute to epidemiological studies and facilitates the adoption of effective strategies for raising awareness, preventing and controlling the population, promoting better use of these spaces. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC

Alérgenos e suas respostas fisiopatológicas em modelos murinos de indução da asma: uma revisão integrativa

Wed, 06 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Alérgenos e suas respostas fisiopatológicas em modelos murinos de indução da asma: uma revisão integrativa Autor(es): Cavalcanti, Alexya Mikelle Teixeira Orientador: Oliveira, Fabiana de Andrade Cavalcante Abstract: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 29% of the global population and is a significant public health issue. Its complex pathogenesis, characterized by bronchial hyper-responsiveness, inflammation, and airway remodeling, makes animal models essential tools for studying this disorder. Through these models, it is possible to investigate the underlying mechanisms of asthma, from sensitization to allergens to the development of new therapies. Various murine models replicate different aspects of human asthma, each with its own advantages and limitations. To induce asthma in mice, various allergens are used, including ovalbumin, lipopolysaccharides, house dust mites, particulate matter, and cockroach allergens. The choice of the appropriate model depends on the specific research objectives, such as the phenotype and pathophysiology of asthma to be studied and the desired immune response. This work aims to conduct an integrative literature review on the types of allergens used in different murine models for asthma induction and analyze the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying allergic asthma. An integrative literature review was performed in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus over the last 10 years using descriptors such as "smooth muscle," "rat," "mouse," "guinea pig," "asthma," "animal model," "allergens," and "asthma model" in English. It was observed that between 2014 and 2024, 1,728 articles were published; according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 157 of these studies addressed the murine asthma model, considering aspects of pathophysiology, applicability, and results in these experimental models. Like human asthma, murine models of asthma induction show increased infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, leukocytes, macrophages, and monocytes, as well as inflammatory mediators such as various interleukins, IgE, TNF- α, and IFN-γ. Additionally, there is hypertrophy and hyperplasia of epithelial cells and goblet cells in the smooth muscle of the airways—factors responsible for hyperresponsiveness and changes in pulmonary function. Therefore, it is concluded that using allergens in mice is an essential tool for understanding the immunological mechanisms involved in asthma, allowing for the simulation of aspects of allergic asthma. This evaluation enables testing the efficacy of new substances with therapeutic potential for treating this disorder while considering the heterogeneity of the disease and its multiple exacerbating factors. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC

Atividade neuroprotetora do óleo de Cannabis rico em delta-9-tetraidrocanabinol (Δ9-THC) em modelo de epilepsia in vitro em linhagem celular do tipo SH-SY5Y

Fri, 11 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Atividade neuroprotetora do óleo de Cannabis rico em delta-9-tetraidrocanabinol (Δ9-THC) em modelo de epilepsia in vitro em linhagem celular do tipo SH-SY5Y Autor(es): Tavares, Bianca Lira Cordeiro Orientador: Diniz, Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo Abstract: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is the main modulator of the central nervous system involved in synaptic plasticity processes and homeostatic events. Therefore, it has the ability to promote regulation in neurophysiological activities, including neurocognitive, nociceptive and mood processing. This mechanism occurs through the adjustment of the ECS in excitatory neurotransmission, especially in glutamatergic neurons. Excitotoxicity events mediated by Lglutamate are involved in different neuropathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases and epilepsy. Nonclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that therapy with phytocannabinoids can generate improvements in the quality of life of patients, especially those suffering from disorders that do not respond to conventional therapy. Among them, we have patients with refractory epilepsy, an example of the observation in Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. In the last decade, studies have emphasized a possible potentiation of pharmacological effects and reduction of side effects in cannabinoid therapy due to the entourage effect, which occurs through the synergy between phytocannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids present in the Cannabis sativa plant. However, in vitro scientific evidence that reveals the pharmacological mechanisms that allow this synergism in neuroprotection needs to be better evaluated. Objectives: an in vitro investigation in a cellular model of epilepsy of the pharmacological mechanisms of full spectrum Cannabis oil rich in Δ9-THC in the excitotoxicity events induced by L-glutamate. Methodology: computational analysis in vitro silico culture of the SH-SY5Y cell line, cell procurement, Δ9-THC cytotoxicity assay, L-glut excitotoxicity assay and pharmacological blockers, analyzed through the tetrazolium salt reduction assay (MTT). Results: The study used the ProTox II tool to prevent Δ9-THC toxicity, showing an 84% probability of inactive cytotoxicity and 99% binding to mitochondrial membrane potential. In vitro analyses revealed that Δ9-THC increased cell coverage at low concentrations, with 88.92% survival at 0.5 μg/mL. When exposed to Lglutamate, cell options ranged from 86.04% to 96.47% with Δ9-THC, comparing neuroprotective effects. The CNQX and MK-801 blockers increased recommendations by up to 88.49%, evidencing the synergy between matter in modulating excitotoxicity. Conclusions: Δ9-THC presents cytotoxic and neuroprotective activity in vitro at low concentrations in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Furthermore, the combination with the CNQX and MK-801 blockers potentiated the neuroprotective effects, possibly through action on CB1R receptors. Therefore, these findings are important for future research on new neuroprotective agents, more effective treatments for neuropathologies with neurotoxic effects. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC

Efeito antialérgico do probiótico Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei na síndrome da asma e rinite alérgica combinadas (CARAS) experimental

Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Efeito antialérgico do probiótico Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei na síndrome da asma e rinite alérgica combinadas (CARAS) experimental Autor(es): Moura, Bruno Vinicius da Silva Orientador: Piuvezam, Marcia Regina Abstract: Combined Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Syndrome (CARAS) is a chronic disease that affects the respiratory system, characterized by the coexistence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in the same individual. Its pathogenesis is marked by a type 2 immune response (TH2), characterized by eosinophilia and increased serum levels of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Evidence suggests that pulmonary and intestinal microbiota play a significant role in the homeostasis of the immune system, and the emerging use of probiotics has shown antiallergic effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oral supplementation with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (Lp) in an experimental CARAS model. Female BALB/c mice (n=5) were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA, 5 mg/mL), challenged with OVA (5% in saline solution), and supplemented orally with Lp (1 x 109 CFU) or treated with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg), one hour before each antigen challenge. The experimental protocols were approved by the CEUA/UFPB (7316150420). The allergic animals supplemented with Lp showed a decrease in serum levels of OVA-specific IgE (p < 0.001) and the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 (p < 0.001), associated with increased levels of IFN-γ (p < 0.01). Additionally, Lp supplementation reduced clinical signs of allergic rhinitis such as sneezing and nasal rubbing, as well as histamine hyperreactivity. In the lungs of allergic animals supplemented with Lp, there was attenuation of altered histological aspects, such as reduced cellular infiltrate, decreased mucus deposition, and reduced extracellular matrix deposition. Therefore, the preliminary results obtained in this study indicate that the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei has an antiallergic effect, promoting a shift in the immune response from TH2 to TH1 type and consequently improving clinical signs and the histological aspects of the lungs, characteristic of the pathophysiology of CARAS. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC