https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2405 Thu, 11 Jun 2026 15:36:49 GMT 2026-06-11T15:36:49Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38208 Título: Cinética de crescimento e produção de biossurfactante por bacillus pumilus em meio com melaço de cana-de-açúcar Autor(es): França, Hadassa Vingren de Andrade Orientador: Santos, Sharline Florentino de Melo Abstract: Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules with surface-active properties produced by biological sources, especially bacteria and fungi. Their application is driven as an alternative to petroleumderived chemical surfactants, which exhibit toxicity, low biodegradability, and environmental issues. The industrial viability of biosurfactants is limited by high production costs, particularly in downstream stages, and low yields; therefore, solutions are sought to reduce the cost of separation processes and couple biosurfactant production with renewable, low-cost substrates. The present study evaluated biosurfactant production by Bacillus pumilus using sugarcane molasses as a carbon source, through substrate characterization, evaluation of cultivation kinetic parameters, biosurfactant extraction, determination of the emulsification index, and surface tension assessment. The microorganism was isolated from sugarcane soil at the Japungu Mill, inoculated in a medium containing yeast extract, monobasic and dibasic potassium phosphate, and sugarcane molasses, and incubated in a shaker at 34°C with orbital agitation at 200 rpm. The maximum specific growth rate was 0.219 h⁻¹, with a generation time of 3,16 hours. Cell productivity was 0.005 g/L·h⁻¹, and the biomass yield per substrate was 0.041 gₓ/gₛ. Crude biosurfactant extraction was evaluated by acid precipitation and high purity ethanol precipitation in crude medium, sterilized medium, and cell-free supernatant. The highest biosurfactant concentration was obtained at 24 h of fermentation, with 3.35g/L extracted by ethanol precipitation, and the emulsification index reached its highest result at 120 h of fermentation, reaching 60% with soybean and babassu oils. The reduction in surface tension was not significant. The produced biosurfactant showed satisfactory emulsifying potential and a promising yield compared to other surfactant-producing Bacillus species Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38208 2026-04-10T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38197 Título: Desenvolvimento e avaliação de membranas cerâmicas de baixo custo aplicadas ao tratamento de efluentes têxteis Autor(es): Silva, Brenda Gomes da Orientador: Clericuzi, Genaro Zenaide Abstract: This study aimed to develop and characterize low-cost ceramic membranes using sugarcane bagasse as a pore-forming agent, targeting applications in textile wastewater treatment. The proposal is framed within the search for sustainable and economically viable solutions for industrial wastewater treatment, especially considering the increasing scarcity of water resources and the complexity of textile effluents. The ceramic samples were produced by dry uniaxial pressing followed by sintering at 650 °C for 3 hours, using a composition based on bentonite, kaolin, sugarcane bagasse, and starch. Material characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and determination of physical properties, such as water absorption and apparent density, allowing the evaluation of structural transformations and the suitability of the material as a filtration support. The results indicated the formation of a porous structure, with water absorption around 29%, suggesting the presence of open and interconnected pores, which are essential for fluid flow. XRD analysis revealed the predominance of silica-rich phases, especially quartz, while FTIR confirmed the presence of characteristic bonds of aluminosilicate materials, indicating the formation of a stable ceramic matrix after sintering. In filtration tests, the supports exhibited permeate flux values ranging from approximately 68 to 84 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ for both water and textile effluent, demonstrating good permeability and fluid transport capacity. However, dye removal efficiency was limited, ranging from 7% to 14%, indicating that the material acts predominantly as a ceramic support. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the developed ceramic supports have potential for application in filtration systems, particularly as substrates for ceramic membranes. Additionally, the use of sugarcane bagasse stands out as a sustainable and low-cost alternative for the production of porous materials. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC Wed, 08 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38197 2026-04-08T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38196 Título: Produção de sabão líquido a partir de óleo de fritura residual coletado em lanchonetes da Universidade Federal da Paraíba Autor(es): Araújo, Geovanna Góis Lima de Orientador: Queiroz, Vital de Souza Abstract: The improper disposal of residual frying oil represents a serious environmental problem due to its slow degradation and high polluting potential. In this context, this study aimed to produce liquid soap from the reuse of this residue, collected from cafeterias at the Federal University of Paraiba, with the purpose of obtaining a sustainable product of practical use for the institution itself. The oil was subjected to filtration and deodorization processes, followed by experimental formulations with different proportions of reagents and additives. The obtained product was characterized through physicochemical analyses, including pH, density, viscosity, turbidity, and foam index, as well as sensory evaluation of odor, color, and stability. The results indicated that the liquid soap presented a pH range between 8 and 10, consistent with the standards established by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), and showed suitable characteristics for domestic use. It was also observed that variations in the amount of surfactants influenced foaming and viscosity, demonstrating the need for formulation adjustments to improve performance. Therefore, it is concluded that recycling frying oil into liquid soap is a technically feasible and environmentally sustainable alternative, contributing to reducing the environmental impacts of improper disposal while promoting circular economy practices within the academic environment. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC Tue, 07 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38196 2026-04-07T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38193 Título: Simulação e Dimensionamento de Coluna de Recheio para Absorção de Ozônio em Água Autor(es): Silva Filho, Paulo Cazé da Orientador: Duarte Segundo, José Etimógenes Vieira Abstract: The increasing presence of micropollutants and organic by-products in natural water sources has driven the development of advanced treatment technologies capable of ensuring water quality for public supply. In this context, ozone (O₃) stands out as an efficient oxidizing agent for disinfection and contaminant degradation processes. This study aimed to simulate a gas–liquid absorption column for the ozone–water system, evaluating the influence of packing geometry on hydrodynamic performance and mass transfer parameters, including a qualitative discussion of the effect of the packing material. The methodology was based on computational simulation using the ChemSep software, applying the Equilibrium Stage Model and Henry’s law to describe gas–liquid equilibrium. Three packing geometries with a nominal diameter of 0,051 meters were evaluated: Raschig rings, Pall rings, and Nutter rings, under constant operating conditions. The results indicated that packing geometry significantly affects column design. The Raschig packing showed inferior performance, with a column height of approximately 60.27 m and HETP of 6.95 m, while Pall and Nutter packings showed superior and equivalent performance, with column heights of approximately 13.47 m and HETP of 1.33 m. The estimated overall efficiency remained constant among the cases, indicating limitations of the model in capturing subtle differences between advanced packing geometries. In addition, ozone absorption was limited due to its low solubility in water. It is concluded that packing geometry plays a crucial role in absorption column design, with Pall and Nutter packings being more suitable for the studied system. Computational simulation proved to be an effective tool for preliminary analysis and comparison of operational configurations in ozonation processes. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: TCC Tue, 07 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38193 2026-04-07T00:00:00Z