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Aditivos químicos e microbianos na silagem de sorgo: efeitos sobre a qualidade, o valor nutritivo e o desempenho de ovinos confinados

Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Aditivos químicos e microbianos na silagem de sorgo: efeitos sobre a qualidade, o valor nutritivo e o desempenho de ovinos confinados Autor(es): Tôrres Júnior, Paulo da Cunha Orientador: Oliveira, Juliana Silva de Abstract: Silage is an essential practice to ensure the feeding of ruminants, especially during periods of forage scarcity, with sorghum being a viable alternative due to its resistance to adverse conditions. The quality of silage is related to the fermentative process and nutrient preservation, and the use of chemical and microbial additives has demonstrated potential to improve these aspects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical additives based on organic acids and microbial inoculants containing Lentilactobacillus buchneri, both individually and in combination, on fermentative quality, microbial profile, aerobic stability, and performance of sheep confined with sorghum silage. The study was conducted in two chapters. In Chapter 1, the aim was to assess the effect of two additives, one based on organic acids (OA) and L. buchneri (Lb), either individually or combined. The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement, with five replications per treatment, four additives (Control, Lb, OA, and Blend), and three fermentation periods (15, 30, and 90 days). Analyses included fermentative profile, quantification of microbial populations, organic acid production, aerobic stability, and 16S rRNA gene diversity. In Chapter 2, a trial was conducted with 40 sheep fed the same silages after 90 days of fermentation. This trial also followed a CRD, with four treatments and 10 replications. Feed intake, digestibility, and losses due to discards were monitored during confinement. Microbial diversity analysis indicated that silages treated with additives exhibited a balanced microbiota, with greater predominance of L. buchneri and other beneficial lactic acid bacteria, as well as a lower presence of fungi and yeasts compared to the Control. Filamentous fungi counts were consistently higher in the Control silage, while the Lb-treated silage showed greater aerobic stability across all fermentation periods. The results from Chapter 2 demonstrated that treatments with additives, particularly the combination (Blend), significantly improved silage quality, with lower dry matter loss, higher aerobic stability, and better nutrient preservation. Dry matter intake did not differ significantly among treatments; however, animals fed treated silages, especially Blend, showed higher intake of non-fiber carbohydrates and metabolizable energy. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and ether extract was higher with the use of additives, particularly in the Blend, which also exhibited the highest total digestible nutrient content. Daily weight gain was greater in sheep receiving this treatment. Furthermore, additives improved aerobic stability and reduced losses due to feed discard during the feeding period. In conclusion, the application of chemical and microbial additives, either individually or combined, improves the conservation of sorghum silage, its nutritional value, and the performance of confined sheep. The combination of the two additives proved to be the most advantageous, primarily due to its positive impact on aerobic stability, microbial diversity, and animal productivity under the conditions imposed in the experiments. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese

Influência da adubação na produtividade e custos do consórcio de sorgo ou milho com capim marandu no sistema integração lavoura pecuária no cerrado

Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Influência da adubação na produtividade e custos do consórcio de sorgo ou milho com capim marandu no sistema integração lavoura pecuária no cerrado Autor(es): Torres Júnior, Paulo da Cunha Orientador: Santos, Edson Mauro dos Abstract: Crop-livestock integration (CLI) is an agricultural production system that combines livestock farming with crop production to maximize natural resources, sustainability, and economic profitability. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and production costs of corn and sorghum intercropped with Marandu grass under two fertilization levels: a high dose (3.0 tons/ha of Dolomitic Limestone, 180 kg/ha of Monoammonium Phosphate) and a low dose (1.5 tons/ha of Dolomitic Limestone, 120 kg/ha of Monoammonium Phosphate) in the crop-livestock integration system. The experiment was conducted at Capim de Cheiro Farm, in Paraopeba, MG, Brazil, on Latossol soil. Two agricultural crops were used (corn or sorghum intercropped with Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu grass). The respective intercropping combinations were used: corn with grass at a high fertilization dose; sorghum with grass at a high fertilization dose; corn with grass at a low fertilization dose, and sorghum with grass at a low fertilization dose. A randomized block design was used, in a factorial scheme (2x2), represented by two fertilization levels (high and low doses) and the two crops, with four replications. Data were analyzed using R software and the F-test. The highest production of natural matter was observed at the high-dose level, with average values of 51,765.62 and 60,578.12 kg/ha for the corn-grass and sorghum-grass intercropping, respectively. For the low fertilization dose, the highest production was observed for the sorghum-grass intercropping (31,993.75 kg/ha). The lowest costs per kilogram of dry matter were also observed at the higher fertilization level, with values of R$ 0.30 and R$ 0.22 for the corn-grass and sorghum-grass intercropping, respectively. The high fertilization level ensures higher dry matter production regardless of the chosen intercropping, thereby reducing costs associated with pasture recovery. Moreover, at the higher fertilization dose, the cost of production per kg of green and dry matter was lower due to the dilution of costs in the higher production. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação

Farelo de mamona destoxificado como aditivo para ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar em dieta de ovinos confinados

Mon, 26 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Farelo de mamona destoxificado como aditivo para ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar em dieta de ovinos confinados Autor(es): Corrêa, Yohana Rosaly Orientador: Santos, Edson Mauro Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the consumption, digestibility, performance, blood and histopathological parameters of confined sheep fed diets containing sugar cane supplemented with levels of detoxified castor bean meal (DBM). A total of 24 non castrated male sheep with an average body weight of 16 ± 0.75 kg were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of four levels of inclusion of castor bean bran in sugar cane silage (0, 10, 20 and 40% in natural matter). A linear effect was observed for crude protein (P = 0.038) and ether extract (P = 0.001) intakes, with averages ranging from 0.151 to 0.128 kg/day and from 0.068 to 0.044 kg/day, respectively. There was a linear trend for the digestibility of crude protein (P = 0.001) and ether extract (P = 0.018), with average values ranging from 754.174 to 472.875 g/day and from 813.017 to 725.080 g/day, respectively. However, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of the levels of DBM on the final weight, total gain, average daily gain, feed conversion and feed efficiency of the sheep, with averages of 23.785, 6.637, 0.138, 8.418 and 0.1212 kg/day, respectively. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the blood and histopathological parameters of confined sheep fed sugarcane silage supplemented with levels of FMD, following the same experimental protocol as in experiment 1. Blood samples were taken on the first and forty-eighth experimental days. Liver, kidney and rumen samples were collected after slaughter for histopathological analysis. A quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was observed for the epithelium thickness and papilla width variables as a function of DBM levels, with minimum values estimated by the regression model at 0.69% and 1.22% DBM levels, respectively. As for the keratinized portion variable, there was a linear effect (P < 0.05), with values ranging from 32.28 to 50.44 mm. There was an isolated effect (P < 0.05) of time for the variables hemoglobin (P = 0.0043), hematocrit (P = 0.0067), and mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.0068). When comparing the first day with the forty-eighth, there was an increase in most of the erythrogram variables, except for the following: erythrocytes at the 0% level and MCHC at the 10, 20 and 40% levels. There was an interaction (P = 0.0149) between DBM levels and time for monocytes. There was no effect (P > 0.05) on DBM levels at 1 and 48 days, with averages of 5.174 and 3.166, respectively. To the time factor within each level of DBM, there was a difference (P < 0.05) in the levels of 0, 20 and 40% DBM, with the highest values for monocytes being observed on the 1st day of collection, which did not differ from each other. However, there was no difference in time at the 10% DBM level. It is therefore recommended that up to 40% of detoxified castor bean meal be included in sugar cane silage for use in sheep diets without causing negative impacts on animal health. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese

Complexos enzimáticos associados ou não a extrato de Yucca schidigera para leitões na fase inicial

Thu, 29 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Complexos enzimáticos associados ou não a extrato de Yucca schidigera para leitões na fase inicial Autor(es): Silva, Wilson Araújo da Orientador: Pascoal , Leonardo Augusto Fonseca Abstract: In chapter 1, a systematic review was carried out on enzyme complexes for piglets in the initial phase regarding performance and digestibility. A search was carried out in electronic databases using the PICo method (Population, Interest and Context). The articles were exported to a reference manager and subjected to selection criteria. 52.5% of studies focus on the period from 2012 to 2022. China has the highest number of publications (9), followed by the USA (8) and Brazil (7). The enzymes most used in the complexes were xylanase (33), β-glucanase (27), protease (16) and phytase (14). Single and increasing dosages of enzyme complexes improved performance and digestibility. In chapter 2, the extract of Yucca schidigera (YSE) for piglets was investigated based on a bibliographical review. The reported beneficial effects are associated with saponins and polyphenolic compounds present in YSE. Chapter 3 is an experiment on the use of enzyme complexes on the digestibility of all-vegetable diets for piglets in the initial phase and excretion of pollutants. Twenty-four 35-day-old male piglets were used, distributed in randomized blocks in three treatments: DC: Control diet; CDE1: CD with 200 g ton 1 of enzyme complex; CDE2: DC with 400 g ton-1 of enzyme complex. CDE2 increased mineral availability, NDF digestibility and ADF. Supplementation increased the availability and decreased excretion of minerals. Enzyme complexes with protease (140.0 to 2800.0 HUT/ kg-1 of diet), phytase (60.0 SPU kg-1 of diet) and cellulase (8.0 to 18.0 CMCU Kg-1 of diet) improve availability and decrease the excretion of minerals. Higher levels of protease (2800.0 HUT Kg-1 of diet) and cellulase (18.0 CMCU Kg-1 of diet) are necessary to improve fiber digestibility. In chapter 4, enzyme complexes associated or not with plant extracts in diets for weaned piglets were evaluated. Forty-eight 28-day-old animals were used, distributed in randomized blocks across six treatments: CD: Control Diet; CDY: CD with 125 g ton-1 of Yucca schidigera Extract (YSE); CDE: CD with 200 g ton-1 of enzyme complex; CDME: DC with 400 g ton-1 of multienzyme complex with emulsifier; CDE+Y1: CDE + EYS (125 g ton-1); CDE +Y2: CDE + EYS (250 g ton-1). CDE + Y1 improved feed conversion. CDE, CDME and CDE +Y1 improved the digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, energy and P and reduced the excretion of P. Greater AV/PC, mucosal thickness and jejunal absorptive area were verified with the supplementations. The total number of goblet cells decreased when piglets consumed CDE +Y2. Exogenous enzymes with plant extracts decreased the relative expression of TNF-α mRNA; MUC-2 decreased with supplementation; that of NaPi-IIb increased with the use of CDE, while that of SGLT-1 increased with CDY and CDE; that of PEPT-1 increased with CDY, CDME, CDE+Y1 and CDE+Y2. Exogenous enzymes associated or not with plant extracts (125 g ton-1 of YSE and 52 g kg-1 of emulsifier) in piglet diets optimize production efficiency, promote improvements in the digestibility and absorption of dietary nutrients, intestinal histology, contribute to intestinal health and reduce the excretion of P. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese