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Farelo de mamona destoxificado como aditivo para ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar em dieta de ovinos confinados

Mon, 26 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Farelo de mamona destoxificado como aditivo para ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar em dieta de ovinos confinados Autor(es): Corrêa, Yohana Rosaly Orientador: Santos, Edson Mauro Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the consumption, digestibility, performance, blood and histopathological parameters of confined sheep fed diets containing sugar cane supplemented with levels of detoxified castor bean meal (DBM). A total of 24 non castrated male sheep with an average body weight of 16 ± 0.75 kg were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of four levels of inclusion of castor bean bran in sugar cane silage (0, 10, 20 and 40% in natural matter). A linear effect was observed for crude protein (P = 0.038) and ether extract (P = 0.001) intakes, with averages ranging from 0.151 to 0.128 kg/day and from 0.068 to 0.044 kg/day, respectively. There was a linear trend for the digestibility of crude protein (P = 0.001) and ether extract (P = 0.018), with average values ranging from 754.174 to 472.875 g/day and from 813.017 to 725.080 g/day, respectively. However, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of the levels of DBM on the final weight, total gain, average daily gain, feed conversion and feed efficiency of the sheep, with averages of 23.785, 6.637, 0.138, 8.418 and 0.1212 kg/day, respectively. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the blood and histopathological parameters of confined sheep fed sugarcane silage supplemented with levels of FMD, following the same experimental protocol as in experiment 1. Blood samples were taken on the first and forty-eighth experimental days. Liver, kidney and rumen samples were collected after slaughter for histopathological analysis. A quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was observed for the epithelium thickness and papilla width variables as a function of DBM levels, with minimum values estimated by the regression model at 0.69% and 1.22% DBM levels, respectively. As for the keratinized portion variable, there was a linear effect (P < 0.05), with values ranging from 32.28 to 50.44 mm. There was an isolated effect (P < 0.05) of time for the variables hemoglobin (P = 0.0043), hematocrit (P = 0.0067), and mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.0068). When comparing the first day with the forty-eighth, there was an increase in most of the erythrogram variables, except for the following: erythrocytes at the 0% level and MCHC at the 10, 20 and 40% levels. There was an interaction (P = 0.0149) between DBM levels and time for monocytes. There was no effect (P > 0.05) on DBM levels at 1 and 48 days, with averages of 5.174 and 3.166, respectively. To the time factor within each level of DBM, there was a difference (P < 0.05) in the levels of 0, 20 and 40% DBM, with the highest values for monocytes being observed on the 1st day of collection, which did not differ from each other. However, there was no difference in time at the 10% DBM level. It is therefore recommended that up to 40% of detoxified castor bean meal be included in sugar cane silage for use in sheep diets without causing negative impacts on animal health. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese

Complexos enzimáticos associados ou não a extrato de Yucca schidigera para leitões na fase inicial

Thu, 29 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Complexos enzimáticos associados ou não a extrato de Yucca schidigera para leitões na fase inicial Autor(es): Silva, Wilson Araújo da Orientador: Pascoal , Leonardo Augusto Fonseca Abstract: In chapter 1, a systematic review was carried out on enzyme complexes for piglets in the initial phase regarding performance and digestibility. A search was carried out in electronic databases using the PICo method (Population, Interest and Context). The articles were exported to a reference manager and subjected to selection criteria. 52.5% of studies focus on the period from 2012 to 2022. China has the highest number of publications (9), followed by the USA (8) and Brazil (7). The enzymes most used in the complexes were xylanase (33), β-glucanase (27), protease (16) and phytase (14). Single and increasing dosages of enzyme complexes improved performance and digestibility. In chapter 2, the extract of Yucca schidigera (YSE) for piglets was investigated based on a bibliographical review. The reported beneficial effects are associated with saponins and polyphenolic compounds present in YSE. Chapter 3 is an experiment on the use of enzyme complexes on the digestibility of all-vegetable diets for piglets in the initial phase and excretion of pollutants. Twenty-four 35-day-old male piglets were used, distributed in randomized blocks in three treatments: DC: Control diet; CDE1: CD with 200 g ton 1 of enzyme complex; CDE2: DC with 400 g ton-1 of enzyme complex. CDE2 increased mineral availability, NDF digestibility and ADF. Supplementation increased the availability and decreased excretion of minerals. Enzyme complexes with protease (140.0 to 2800.0 HUT/ kg-1 of diet), phytase (60.0 SPU kg-1 of diet) and cellulase (8.0 to 18.0 CMCU Kg-1 of diet) improve availability and decrease the excretion of minerals. Higher levels of protease (2800.0 HUT Kg-1 of diet) and cellulase (18.0 CMCU Kg-1 of diet) are necessary to improve fiber digestibility. In chapter 4, enzyme complexes associated or not with plant extracts in diets for weaned piglets were evaluated. Forty-eight 28-day-old animals were used, distributed in randomized blocks across six treatments: CD: Control Diet; CDY: CD with 125 g ton-1 of Yucca schidigera Extract (YSE); CDE: CD with 200 g ton-1 of enzyme complex; CDME: DC with 400 g ton-1 of multienzyme complex with emulsifier; CDE+Y1: CDE + EYS (125 g ton-1); CDE +Y2: CDE + EYS (250 g ton-1). CDE + Y1 improved feed conversion. CDE, CDME and CDE +Y1 improved the digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, energy and P and reduced the excretion of P. Greater AV/PC, mucosal thickness and jejunal absorptive area were verified with the supplementations. The total number of goblet cells decreased when piglets consumed CDE +Y2. Exogenous enzymes with plant extracts decreased the relative expression of TNF-α mRNA; MUC-2 decreased with supplementation; that of NaPi-IIb increased with the use of CDE, while that of SGLT-1 increased with CDY and CDE; that of PEPT-1 increased with CDY, CDME, CDE+Y1 and CDE+Y2. Exogenous enzymes associated or not with plant extracts (125 g ton-1 of YSE and 52 g kg-1 of emulsifier) in piglet diets optimize production efficiency, promote improvements in the digestibility and absorption of dietary nutrients, intestinal histology, contribute to intestinal health and reduce the excretion of P. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese

Desempenho e caractéristicas do trato digestório de frangos de corte suplementados in ovo com treonina e glutamina

Thu, 03 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Desempenho e caractéristicas do trato digestório de frangos de corte suplementados in ovo com treonina e glutamina Autor(es): Santos, Willyane de Souza Orientador: Moreira Fillho, Alexandre Lemos de Barros Abstract: The present research evaluated the effect of supplying the amino acids glutamine and threonine in ovo on the performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. 480 eggs obtained from a commercial hatchery, from CobbMale breeders at 33 weeks of age, were distributed into four treatments, corresponding to four solutions supplemented in ovo (S1 = saline solution; S2 = 3.5% threonine solution; S3 = 3.5% glutamine solution and S4 = threonine + 3.5% glutamine solution. After hatching, the chicks were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with 4 replications of 10 animals each. Productive performance, small intestine length, relative organ weight and jejunum morphometry were evaluated. There was no significant difference for feed intake and body weight at 21 days of age. Birds supplemented in ovo with the combination of Gln + Thr showed greater weight gain and better feed conversion compared to the other treatments. Small intestine length, liver and gizzard weight were not different between treatments. Small intestine weight was greater for animals supplemented with the combination of Gln + Thr compared to animals inoculated with saline or threonine. The proventriculus weight was higher for glutamine treatment. Treatment with glutamine supplementation showed the highest mean for the variable villus:crypt ratio (V:C). The combination of glutamine + threonine and treatment with isolated threonine promoted an increase in the variable area of villi. Based on the available data, it can be concluded that in ovo supplementation of threonine associated with glutamine has the potential to improve performance, the development of organs of the digestive system and act trophically on intestinal development. However, additional studies are needed to validate these conclusions and deepen our understanding of the effects of these supplements. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação

Dietas de leitões desmamados e suplementadas com larginina e produto lácteo sobre a digestibilidade e expressão gênica intestinal

Thu, 27 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Dietas de leitões desmamados e suplementadas com larginina e produto lácteo sobre a digestibilidade e expressão gênica intestinal Autor(es): Falcão, Valéria Marinho Leite Orientador: Givisiez, Patrícia Emília Naves Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestibility of nutrients in diets containing or not whole milk powder and L-arginine and intestinal gene expression for weaned piglets. Thirty-two piglets with an average weight of 5,159 kg ± 1,919 commercial strains (Embrapa MS115 X Topigs®) were used. The animals were distributed in a randomized block design to control initial differences in live weight, using a 2x2 factorial scheme, with two diets (with and without whole milk powder) and two levels of on top supplementation of L-arginine in the diet ( 0% and 0.6%), in four treatments with four repetitions, each reproduction being related to two animals. The experimental diets were included in DS - Basal diet consisting of corn and soybean meal; DSA – Basal diet supplemented with L-Arginine on top, 27% above the recommended by Rostagno et al. (2017); DL- Basal diet containing powdered milk; DLA- Basal diet containing powdered milk and supplemented on top with L-Arginine. The total apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy was evaluated from the digestibility test using partial collection with celite® as an indicator. The digestibility coefficient of nutrients and the digestible energy of the diet were higher when the animals were fed diets containing powdered milk, while those fed the diet without powdered milk added with arginine had lower values of dry matter digestibility coefficient. Regarding digestible nutrients, the addition of powdered milk improved the digestibility of nutrients, and supplementation of the simple on top diet with arginine decreased digestible organic matter and digestible energy. Claudin and occludin gene expression increased in the jejunum of animals fed a diet with powdered milk, and firm inclusion protein 2 gene expression decreased in animals fed a diet supplemented on top with arginine. Expression of the neutral amino acid transporter gene, CAT1, was not altered by diet or L-Arginine supplementation. Supplementation on top of diets containing whole milk powder showed no beneficial effect on digestibility or expression of gut barrier genes. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação