https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4157 PPGCN Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:02:34 GMT 2026-08-10T00:02:34Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38434 Título: Aplicação de revestimentos formulados com alginato de sódio e extratos hidroalcoólicos de subprodutos de frutas fermentados com bactérias láticas para o controle de antracnose em mangas e goiabas Autor(es): Queiroga, Talita Silveira Orientador: Souza, Evandro Leite de Abstract: Anthracnose is a fungal disease that affects the quality of fruits such as mangoes and guavas. The use of fungicides, the main strategy applied to control anthracnose, presents health and environmental risks, which requests for studies into sustainable and safe strategies applied to the management of phytopathogens. Preparing plant extracts from fruit by-products is a viable alternative for formulating natural antifungals. In addition, the fermentation of these by-products with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can enhance the production of bioactive compounds. Coatings with natural products have also been used as innovative strategies to control post-harvest diseases, and can be used as carriers of active substances for application to fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a coating formulated with sodium alginate and extracts of fruit by-products fermented by LAB to control anthracnose on Palmer mango and Paluma guava. For this purpose, by-products of acerola, cashew, mango and grape were collected from fruit pulp processing industries, sterilized (121 °C, 1 atm, 15 minutes), freeze-dried and stored (-18 ± 0.5 °C). To the fermentation process, the by-products were diluted 1:5 in sterilized distilled water, autoclaved and then inoculated with a mixed LAB culture (Levilactobacillus brevis 59, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus 129 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum 263) at a concentration of approximately 9 log CFU/mL. The fermentation process took place at 37ºC for 24 hours on an orbital shaker (200 rpm) under aerobic conditions. The fermented fruit by-products were mixed with ethanol (70% or 80%; 1:10 v/v), and homogenized at 37 °C, 200 rpm for 2 hours. These solutions were centrifuged, the liquid part was recovered and the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator. Viable LAB cell counts on the fermented product and physicochemical analyses of the extracts obtained were performed. The extracts obtained were used to assess antifungal activity using the agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration, with results expressed as % mycelial growth inhibition (%MGI). The extracts with the best in vitro results were incorporated into a coating formulated with sodium alginate (1.5%) and applied to mangoes and guavas to assess their potential to reduce anthracnose lesion diameter (%ALDR). The fermented hydroalcoholic extracts of acerola (75 and 100 mg/mL) and mango by-products (75 and 100 mg/mL) showed the highest rate of mycelial growth inhibition (%MGI 35.00-82.75) in all the isolates of Colletotrichum tested in vitro. With regard to the physicochemical characteristics, the extracts showed variations in acidity, pH, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid, with a higher acidification in the fermented hydroalcoholic extracts (pH 3.28-3.47). Color analysis indicated significant differences associated with fruit pigmentation. Variations in the content of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activities were also observed. The application of sodium alginate coatings added to the fermented hydroalcoholic extracts of acerola and mango (100 mg/mL) delayed the development of anthracnose in mangoes and guavas during storage (%ALDR xx-75.80). These results indicate that coatings formulated with fermented fruit by-products extracts could be innovative and sustainable strategies for managing post-harvest anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum in fruits. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação Mon, 24 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38434 2025-02-24T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38417 Título: Intervenção combinando exercício físico e educação alimentar e nutricional modula o microbioma intestinal e melhora a inflamação e a função autonômica cardíaca na obesidade infantil: uma abordagem translacional Autor(es): Costa, Paulo César Trindade da Orientador: Alves, José Luiz de Brito Abstract: Children with obesity are more likely to develop cardiovascular and metabolic alterations in adulthood. Physical exercise and food and nutrition education are important strategies for preventing and/or treating obesity and associated disorders. However, the effectiveness of these strategies in promoting weight loss, modulating the gut microbiome, and improving metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in children with obesity is not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention consisting of physical exercise and food and nutrition education in improving body composition, metabolic and inflammatory parameters, and cardiovascular health in schoolchildren with obesity. Children aged 7 to 10 were recruited from schools in João Pessoa, Paraíba, for the study. Before the intervention, students with normal-weight and obesity were assessed for cross-sectional analyses. After the intervention, the students with obesity were reassessed for body composition, inflammatory profile, blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV), metabolomics, and gut microbiota. Additionally, an experimental protocol involving physical exercise in rats was developed to better understand the biomolecular mechanisms involved in the observed physiological effects. Cross-sectional analyses revealed that obese children exhibit cardiac autonomic dysfunction and a proinflammatory profile compared to normal-weight children. Heart rate was found to be a reliable indicator of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in schoolchildren. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was also found to be related to the consumption of large quantities of ultra-processed foods. However, the systematic review found that the most effective type of physical exercise for improving HRV in children with obesity remains unclear, though all analyzed types demonstrated beneficial effects on some indices. The intervention study found a reduction in the body mass index z-score for age, body fat percentage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and improvements in HRV, inflammatory and metabolic profiles, as well as the composition of the gut microbiome in children with obesity. In rats, the results showed that physical exercise improved gut microbiota, cardiac autonomic function, and the expression of genes related to autonomic function and inflammation in the colon and brainstem of rats fed a high-fat diet. The results indicate that this strategy is fundamental in combating childhood obesity and its associated complications, elucidating the physiological and biomolecular mechanisms involved in this process. The evidence obtained in this study could support the implementation of public policies that ensure regular physical exercise combined with food and nutrition education in schools. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese Fri, 12 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38417 2025-09-12T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38270 Título: Efeitos do subproduto de acerola sobre o metabolismo lipídico, marcadores inflamatórios e oxidativos relacionados ao eixo entero-hepático de ratos dislipidêmicos Autor(es): Batista, Kamila Sabino Orientador: Persuhn, Darlene Camati Abstract: Dyslipidaemia is characterized by dysregulation of lipid metabolism and its progression induces inflammation and oxidative stress. The primary treatment for dyslipidaemia includes a healthy/balanced diet and, when necessary, the use of drug therapy. The Malpighia emarginata DC. (acerola) is a tropical fruit rich in bioactive compounds and extensively processed to obtain the pulp, whose by-product has been shown positive effects in the treatment of dyslipidaemia. However, the acerola by-product does not yet have a sustainable destination in the food production chain and is generally discarded in the environment. In this sense, the objective was to investigate the effects of acerola by-product administration on lipid metabolism, inflammatory and oxidative markers along the enterohepatic axis of dyslipidaemic rats. Forty Wistar rats were initially randomized into healthy (HG, n = 16) and dyslipidaemic (DG, n = 24) groups, which consumed, respectively, a control diet and a diet rich in cholesterol, saturated and trans-fatty acids for 21 days. When the disease was detected in the dyslipidaemic groups on the 22nd day, the rats were subdivided into groups (n = 8): healthy (HG), healthy with the administration of acerola by-product (HGA), dyslipidaemic (DG), dyslipidaemic treated with fenofibrate (DGF), and dyslipidaemic with the administration of acerola by-product (DGA), with the consumption of the respective diets remaining for another 28 days. During this same period, DGA and HGA received gavage with acerola by-product at a dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight, DGF received the fenofibrate drug via gavage (100 mg/kg of body weight), DG and HG received gavage with distilled water. The acerola by-product contained the bioactive compounds soluble (184.25 ± 6.72 mg/g) and insoluble (436.51 ± 4.86 mg/g) dietary fibres, 1- kestose (3.69 ± 1.69 mg/g), ascorbic acid (2022.06 ± 20.24 μg/g) and total phenolic compounds (5366.44 μg/g); and showed a high antioxidant potential (1103.33 ± 25.17 μmol ferrous sulfate/g). Administration of acerola by-product to DGA rats reduced (P≤0.05) blood lipid values, body weight, liver cholesterol, liver triglycerides, liver total lipids, microbial production of organic acids, and the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in the colon (44.01%) and liver (25.25%); increased (P≤0.05) the faecal excretion of fats and bile acids (55.91%), the beneficial bacteria counts in faecal material, the expression of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in the colon (68.55%) and liver (50.94%), and the total amount of phenolic compounds in colon and liver. The acerola by-product managed to protect HGA and DGA rats against lipid peroxidation, however, it did not reverse the damage to deoxyribonucleic acid in serum from DGA rats (P>0.05). The results point to the functional/nutraceutical potential of the acerola by-product in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia, possibly associated with its content of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the results of this research may support other non-clinical and clinical studies; encourage the commercial exploitation of the acerola by-product through direct use in human consumption or as an ingredient in functional foods, thus, contributing to the environmental and economic sustainability of the food industry. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese Thu, 16 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38270 2021-12-16T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38072 Título: Desenvolvimento e viabilidade de uma formulação enteral exclusiva em alimentos in natura e minimamente processados, adicionada de farinha de inhame (Dioscorea cayenensis) Autor(es): Martins, Sandy Ferreira Orientador: Gonçalves, Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Abstract: Enteral Nutritional Therapy (ENT) is considered the priority therapy of choice when the patient is unable to physiologically use the oral route. Under these conditions, ENT offers benefits such as maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, improving immune function and reducing oxidative stress. There are two types of formulations used to provide nutrition to these patients, which are commercial and handmade enteral formulations. The latter have been reemerging due to the interest in adopting a healthier eating style with the exclusive use of unprocessed and minimally processed ingredients and for bringing the patient closer to the family context. When formulating handmade enteral diets, some professionals use industrialized ingredients that contribute only to energy intake without bringing any other additional benefit, such as corn glucose, refined sugar, corn cereals and maltodextrin. Yam flour (Dioscorea cayenensis) can be a substitute for these industrialized products, in order to provide both energy properties and phytochemical compounds related to several benefits to the human body. Given the lack of studies with enteral diets composed of yam flour, the general objective of this study was to develop an exclusive handmade enteral formulation with unprocessed and minimally processed foods, added to yam flour and to evaluate its nutritional composition, osmolar parameters, physical-chemical, microbiological and perform cost analyses. The yam flour was obtained based on the methodology of Guedes et al. (2021). A search for previous studies and information from the renowned Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population served as coordinates for the formulation of the handmade enteral diet. The energy calculation was performed based on the average weight obtained by Walpole et al. (2012) multiplied by calories per kilogram of weight, according to the Brazilian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes) were used to establish the percentage of macronutrients and, for micronutrient calculations, the RDA (Recommend Dietary Allowances) or AI (Adequate Intakes) were taken into account, according to availability. The evaluation of hygienic-sanitary quality (coliforms at 45°C, coagulase positive Staphylococci, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella spp.), analysis of osmolar, physicochemical (water activity, viscosity, physical stability, fluidity and dripping) and formulation cost were carried out. Data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 2016 and analyzed using the IBM Statitical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The yam flour obtained presented a fine and odorless texture that could be added to the handmade enteral diet, in which it presented a brown color and a liquid-pasty texture. There was a contribution of 11% in energy content, 17% in fiber content and improved content of all micronutrients, according to DRIS recommendations, after adding yam flour to the handmade enteral diet. The proposed diet presented adequate microbiological, osmolar and physicochemical parameters. It also obtained cost reductions of 70.91%, 74.06% and 75.71%, when compared to three standard commercial formulas. The results of this study gave rise to an accepted patent application, number BR 10 2021 015443 8, and the diet can be adopted and reproduced by industries. However, it is recommended to carry out further studies that provide newer strategies to ensure and spread the use of exclusive formulations in unprocessed and minimally processed foods, in order to provide health benefits. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/38072 2021-09-30T00:00:00Z