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Efeitos do subproduto de acerola sobre o metabolismo lipídico, marcadores inflamatórios e oxidativos relacionados ao eixo entero-hepático de ratos dislipidêmicos

Thu, 16 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Efeitos do subproduto de acerola sobre o metabolismo lipídico, marcadores inflamatórios e oxidativos relacionados ao eixo entero-hepático de ratos dislipidêmicos Autor(es): Batista, Kamila Sabino Orientador: Persuhn, Darlene Camati Abstract: Dyslipidaemia is characterized by dysregulation of lipid metabolism and its progression induces inflammation and oxidative stress. The primary treatment for dyslipidaemia includes a healthy/balanced diet and, when necessary, the use of drug therapy. The Malpighia emarginata DC. (acerola) is a tropical fruit rich in bioactive compounds and extensively processed to obtain the pulp, whose by-product has been shown positive effects in the treatment of dyslipidaemia. However, the acerola by-product does not yet have a sustainable destination in the food production chain and is generally discarded in the environment. In this sense, the objective was to investigate the effects of acerola by-product administration on lipid metabolism, inflammatory and oxidative markers along the enterohepatic axis of dyslipidaemic rats. Forty Wistar rats were initially randomized into healthy (HG, n = 16) and dyslipidaemic (DG, n = 24) groups, which consumed, respectively, a control diet and a diet rich in cholesterol, saturated and trans-fatty acids for 21 days. When the disease was detected in the dyslipidaemic groups on the 22nd day, the rats were subdivided into groups (n = 8): healthy (HG), healthy with the administration of acerola by-product (HGA), dyslipidaemic (DG), dyslipidaemic treated with fenofibrate (DGF), and dyslipidaemic with the administration of acerola by-product (DGA), with the consumption of the respective diets remaining for another 28 days. During this same period, DGA and HGA received gavage with acerola by-product at a dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight, DGF received the fenofibrate drug via gavage (100 mg/kg of body weight), DG and HG received gavage with distilled water. The acerola by-product contained the bioactive compounds soluble (184.25 ± 6.72 mg/g) and insoluble (436.51 ± 4.86 mg/g) dietary fibres, 1- kestose (3.69 ± 1.69 mg/g), ascorbic acid (2022.06 ± 20.24 μg/g) and total phenolic compounds (5366.44 μg/g); and showed a high antioxidant potential (1103.33 ± 25.17 μmol ferrous sulfate/g). Administration of acerola by-product to DGA rats reduced (P≤0.05) blood lipid values, body weight, liver cholesterol, liver triglycerides, liver total lipids, microbial production of organic acids, and the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in the colon (44.01%) and liver (25.25%); increased (P≤0.05) the faecal excretion of fats and bile acids (55.91%), the beneficial bacteria counts in faecal material, the expression of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in the colon (68.55%) and liver (50.94%), and the total amount of phenolic compounds in colon and liver. The acerola by-product managed to protect HGA and DGA rats against lipid peroxidation, however, it did not reverse the damage to deoxyribonucleic acid in serum from DGA rats (P>0.05). The results point to the functional/nutraceutical potential of the acerola by-product in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia, possibly associated with its content of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the results of this research may support other non-clinical and clinical studies; encourage the commercial exploitation of the acerola by-product through direct use in human consumption or as an ingredient in functional foods, thus, contributing to the environmental and economic sustainability of the food industry. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Tese

Desenvolvimento e viabilidade de uma formulação enteral exclusiva em alimentos in natura e minimamente processados, adicionada de farinha de inhame (Dioscorea cayenensis)

Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Desenvolvimento e viabilidade de uma formulação enteral exclusiva em alimentos in natura e minimamente processados, adicionada de farinha de inhame (Dioscorea cayenensis) Autor(es): Martins, Sandy Ferreira Orientador: Gonçalves, Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Abstract: Enteral Nutritional Therapy (ENT) is considered the priority therapy of choice when the patient is unable to physiologically use the oral route. Under these conditions, ENT offers benefits such as maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, improving immune function and reducing oxidative stress. There are two types of formulations used to provide nutrition to these patients, which are commercial and handmade enteral formulations. The latter have been reemerging due to the interest in adopting a healthier eating style with the exclusive use of unprocessed and minimally processed ingredients and for bringing the patient closer to the family context. When formulating handmade enteral diets, some professionals use industrialized ingredients that contribute only to energy intake without bringing any other additional benefit, such as corn glucose, refined sugar, corn cereals and maltodextrin. Yam flour (Dioscorea cayenensis) can be a substitute for these industrialized products, in order to provide both energy properties and phytochemical compounds related to several benefits to the human body. Given the lack of studies with enteral diets composed of yam flour, the general objective of this study was to develop an exclusive handmade enteral formulation with unprocessed and minimally processed foods, added to yam flour and to evaluate its nutritional composition, osmolar parameters, physical-chemical, microbiological and perform cost analyses. The yam flour was obtained based on the methodology of Guedes et al. (2021). A search for previous studies and information from the renowned Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population served as coordinates for the formulation of the handmade enteral diet. The energy calculation was performed based on the average weight obtained by Walpole et al. (2012) multiplied by calories per kilogram of weight, according to the Brazilian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes) were used to establish the percentage of macronutrients and, for micronutrient calculations, the RDA (Recommend Dietary Allowances) or AI (Adequate Intakes) were taken into account, according to availability. The evaluation of hygienic-sanitary quality (coliforms at 45°C, coagulase positive Staphylococci, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella spp.), analysis of osmolar, physicochemical (water activity, viscosity, physical stability, fluidity and dripping) and formulation cost were carried out. Data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 2016 and analyzed using the IBM Statitical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The yam flour obtained presented a fine and odorless texture that could be added to the handmade enteral diet, in which it presented a brown color and a liquid-pasty texture. There was a contribution of 11% in energy content, 17% in fiber content and improved content of all micronutrients, according to DRIS recommendations, after adding yam flour to the handmade enteral diet. The proposed diet presented adequate microbiological, osmolar and physicochemical parameters. It also obtained cost reductions of 70.91%, 74.06% and 75.71%, when compared to three standard commercial formulas. The results of this study gave rise to an accepted patent application, number BR 10 2021 015443 8, and the diet can be adopted and reproduced by industries. However, it is recommended to carry out further studies that provide newer strategies to ensure and spread the use of exclusive formulations in unprocessed and minimally processed foods, in order to provide health benefits. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação

Relação entre os polimorfismos rs1801133 e rs1801131 da metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase e parâmetros estruturais e funcionais do coração em pacientes com retinopatia diabética

Wed, 24 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Relação entre os polimorfismos rs1801133 e rs1801131 da metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase e parâmetros estruturais e funcionais do coração em pacientes com retinopatia diabética Autor(es): Alcântara, João Otávio Scarano Orientador: Persuhn, Darlene Camati Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease caused by a deficiency in the release or use of the hormone insulin, leading to a state of hyperglycemia. Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, may increase the risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. Cardiovascular diseases are still the major cause of death worldwide. The enzyme Metilotetrahydrofolate reductase, responsible for the release of the active form of folate in the body, may have its efficiency affected by dietary and genetic factors, such as the polymorphisms rs1801133 and 1801131, and deficiency of vitamin B12, which is a cofactor of the metabolism of this enzyme. The reduction in MTHFR activity can lead to an increase in plasma homocysteine, which in turn is related to insulin resistance and some chronic complications of diabetes, such as retinopathy. Studies have shown that hyperhomocysteinemia is able to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and cause an increase in the diameter of the left atrium. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship of rs1801133 and 1801131 polymorphisms with structural and functional parameters of the heart of patients with diabetic retinopathy. It also aimed to analyze the genotypes of patients with RD regarding the polymorphisms, and to verify biochemical, nutritional, anthropometric and lifestyle parameters of the participants involved in the specific genotyped groups. This study is a cross-sectional study with an epidemiological basis, from a larger study entitled "Epigenetics + genetics: identification of markers for Diabetic Retinopathy". This study had 65 patients diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, with a mean age of 62.46 ± 8,421. 42 participants had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 23 proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The genotypes of rs1801133 and rs1801131 were determined using the PCR-RFLP technique. Participants were categorized according to biochemical, cardiological (from echocardiogram and eletrocardiograma exam), anthropometric, genetic, lifestyle and vitamin B9 and B12 consumption variables. Fischer's exact test and Poisson regression were performed to assess the relationship between variables. The only significant association found in Fischer's exact test was between increasing the left atrium diameter and the rs1801133, although no association was found with rs1801131. There was no significant association between the diameter of the left atrium and biochemical, anthropometric, food consumption, and lifestyle variables. All study participants had insufficient consumption of at least one of the two micronutrients. The regression model showed that the increase in the left atrium was associated with the T allele, with a prevalence ratio of 0.912. The regression model also showed an association between the increase in left atrium diameter with ejection fraction, final stroke volume and heart rate. The main result of this study suggest an association between the T allele and the increase in diameter of the left atrium. In addition to the association with polymorphism, in the regression model there was also an association between left atrium diameter and ejection fraction, final stroke volume and heart rate. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação

Efeito do suco de beterraba na magnitude e duração da resposta pressórica pós-exercicio em mulheres hipertensas

Fri, 24 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Efeito do suco de beterraba na magnitude e duração da resposta pressórica pós-exercicio em mulheres hipertensas Autor(es): Anjos, Carla Nunes dos Orientador: Silva, Alexandre Sérgio Abstract: In recent years, beetroot has gained notoriety for its ability to promote blood pressure reduction in the first hours after ingestion, a temporal behavior similar to post-exercise hypotension. In this context, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ingestion of beetroot juice after an exercise session on the magnitude and duration of the pressure response in hypertensive women. This is a clinical, randomized, controlled, double-blind and crossover study, carried out with 14 hypertensive women aged 40 to 60 years, who participated in three procedures: 1) ingestion of beetroot juice 2 hours after exercise (SBE), 2) ingestion of fruit drink 2 hours after exercise (RFE) and 3) control without exercise and drink (CON). An anthropometric assessment was performed on the participants first visit to the laboratory. Clinical blood pressure was measured before, immediately after exercise and every 10 minutes during the post-exercise recovery period or rest. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Nitrite, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde analyzes were performed. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was performed to verify differences between protocols. A significance level of p<0.05 was adopted. As participants were overweight, in addition to the influence of high waist. Beetroot juice significantly increased plasma nitrite concentrations between baseline and 2 hours after ingestion of the juice (33.4 ± 32.5 μM to 47.0 ± 36.0 μM; p=0.013). Both SBE and RFE procedures promoted hypotension in clinical monitoring at 60 minutes post-exercise, with a reduction in systolic pressure from 10 minutes post-exercise (p<0.05), while diastolic pressure occurred at 20 minutes (p<0 .05) in relation to rest (interaction time), but with no difference between the two protocols with exercise (p>0.05). Significant reductions in ambulatory systolic pressure were observed for 17 hours post-exercise and 16 hours in diastolic pressure in SBE, while in RFE this hypotension was only noticed between 6 and 15 hours for systolic and 13 and 16 hours for diastolic compared to rest (p<0.05). Beetroot juice maintained lower blood pressure compared to the pre-exercise condition for a longer time, however, in the time x procedure interaction analysis, no significant differences were observed between the three procedures (p>0.05). No significant differences were observed in total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde after ingestion of beverages in the SBE and RFE procedures (p>0.05). Thus, this study confirms previous data that an exercise session promotes post-exercise hypotension, but the association with beetroot juice did not improve this pressure response, however, it showed a consistent effect by maintaining pressure reductions for a longer time than the procedure with fruit drink. fruit. On the other hand, beetroot did not improve the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension. Editor: Universidade Federal da Paraíba Tipo: Dissertação