Geoprocessamento aplicado à análise espaço- temporal da Leishmaniose Visceral no município de São Luís - MA

Abstract

The visceral leishmaniasis (LV) is a public health problem under a broad geographical dissemination, prevailing in conditions of poorness because of the precarious ness of the life conditions and the iniquities in health, characteristics present in poor countries and in those under development, what contributes to the maintenance of social exclusion and the picture of social inequality in health. In Brazil, the Northeast region registers the major number of referred cases, and the state of Maranhão responds to about 15% of the cases in the country. This paper aims at analyzing the cases of human leishmaniasis in the municipality of São Luís-MA (Brazil) in the years from 2006 to 2014, arisen from the National System of Notification Appeal (SINAN), using the recourses of the geotechnologies and correlating the socioenvironmental factors as to the illness event. It deals with an ecological study, of space and temporal aggregate, and also hawing like the unities of analysis the census sectors. The cases were georeferenced and plotted in digital cartographical mesh. It was the typology of distribution acconding the points and the pattern of Kernel density for the analysis of the cases. To correlate the cases to the socio environmental patterns use maps were produced and also earth cover, vegetation index on normalized difference besides the cartographical products related to the IBGE data (garbage collection – water distribution – sewer collection and demographical density). The exploratory study showed that 468 cases of LV in the period were notified, and the most of the affected are men under the age of 4 years old and the rate of medial incidence was 5.11%. The analytical study demonstrated that the pathology presents a massed pattern in the areas of intense process of urban expansion towards the vegetal cover. The most risk areas as to occursences of LV cases are those ones occupied in an upset form, peripherical, with low life conditions and with deficient public infrastructure, mainly in those areas of transition from the rural situation to the urban one.