A fome como violência estrutural: uma análise sob a ótica dos Estudos de Paz

Abstract

Food Insecurity still is one of the most important humanity challenges, becoming one of the world problems to be overcame by the states of the International System. The central question for this research is the comprehension to “How does the conceptualization of structural violence contribute to better understanding of food crises?”. The question rise from the perception that, differently from International relations theories, mainly the prevailing theories, Peace Studies (PS) brings a different approach to problems comprehension, claiming to, to reach the conditions for peace, is first necessary understand which conditions are the causes of what they call the violence, meaning the existence of an intrinsic connection between these factors. This research had as main intention expand the comprehension of how the peace studies as an approach understand the food insecurity problem, whom define as a structural violence, but it is unexplained. For this study, was adopted a quali-quantitative method, basically founded on a review of the relevant literature, a hunger’s data presentation, as well as to social, political and economic factors about South Sudan, country of the case study of this analyses. Then, with the EPs approach, the hunger is a type of violence, and not just a consequence, as is surficial understanding by the academics, except for yours researchers. The opportunity to study deeply the food crisis in South Sudan while a prolonged conflict is the reality was one of the all reasons for this choice. The research notice that the relationship between hunger and the conflict, generally and in this specific case, is causal, but the inverse relationship instill need to be more evaluated. With the peace studies, social, economic, political and cultural facts are part of de crisis analysis, enabling know no just the effects, but the causes that need to be resolved. This research argument the structural violence, even with the directed violence, must be understanding as the deep involvement of all the factors mentioned and their interrelation, which affects not only their internal situation but also makes the characteristics of the international system and its actors also interfere in the process of this fragile State.