Epidemiologia do câncer de cabeça e pescoço no Brasil: um estudo dos registros hospitalares no período de 2000 a 2014

Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma (SQC) located in the head and neck in Brazil, using data from the Brazilian Cancer Registry. This is an epidemiology, seccional study, conducted from the analysis of 30,098 SQC records in head and neck region in Brazil during a period of 15 sequential years. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed in the IBM SPSS software (21.0), for the inferential analysis of the data the program R version 2.15.3 was used. For the trend analysis the software Joipoint was used. Results: There is a predilection for male subjects (79.5%), white skin color (53.2%), low schooling (54.1%), no previous diagnosis of cancer (47.2%), and who have or already had smoking (90.3%) and / or drinking (89.5%). The anatomical location with the highest predilection for SQC is the oral cavity (38.6%). It was identified that the family history is not a determining factor for SQC involvement in the head and neck (38.2%). There are factors associated with the occurrence of SQC in the head and neck region: age (OR = 1.01); no family history of cancer (OR = 1.06); tobacco history (OR = 3.66), alcoholism history (OR = 2.00) and had had previous diagnosis for a cancer and had not had treatment (OR = 1.84). For the trend analyzes, the pooled data showed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of cancer in young individuals in the oral cavity (APC = -2.30), oropharynx (APC = 2.34), larynx (APC = 5.36) and hypopharynx (APC = 1.31). For older individuals, a statistically significant increase was observed for the oral cavity (APC = 0.34), oropharynx (APC = 0.32^) and larynx (APC = 0.43). In relation to educational level, a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of cancer was observed in individuals without schooling for oral cavity (APC = 3.22) and oropharynx (APC = 4.66). It is concluded that SQC in the head and neck region is more frequent in the oral cavity of males, white, low schooling and with no previous history of cancer, and smoking and alcoholism are potential factors associated with the occurrence of this pathology. It is observed that there is a decrease in the incidence in young individuals with low educational level, whereas in older individuals there is an increase in incidence.