Traumatismo dental e protetores bucais: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

The dental traumatic is a thermal, chemical or mechanical aggression suffered by the oral structures, which may cause functional, aesthetic, psychological and social problems. The types of traumas are divided in traumas of dental tissues (coronary fractures without / with exposing of the pulp, crown-root fractures, root fractures) and traumas of support tissues (concussion, subluxation, lateral luxation, intrusion, extrusion, avulsion, alveolar fracture). The practice of competitive and recreational sports, falls and automotive accidents are the main factors responsible for the massive incidence of orofacial injuries, affecting both genders and at any age group.The mouth guards are considered an essential device for the prevention to a dental trauma and its use must be disseminated by dental surgeons and sporting organizations. There are different types of mouth guards, such as Stock (type I),Thermoplastic (type II), or Custom-fitted (type III). This work aims to disseminate, through literature review, information about dental trauma and the use of mouth guards for both general population and health professionals. At the end of the study, it was possible to verify that a rapid response to the trauma associated with the correct diagnosis by the professional leads to a better treatment and a more favorable prognosis. Besides, the use of custom-fitted mouth guards allows a more effective protection of the stomatognathic system.