Proteção social em território indígena: um estudo a partir da Aldeia Tramataia no Litoral Norte da Paraíba

Abstract

This dissertative work has as main focus the search for elucidation of the elements that configure social protection in Potiguara indigenous territory, specifically in Tramataia Village, in the municipality of Marcação, located in the Northern Coast of Paraíba. As a parameter of analysis, we chose the socio-welfare services linked to this territory. This is an exploratory study, with a qualitative approach based on secondary, bibliographic and documentary data, linked to the Project titled “Assistência Social e Transferência de Renda: interpelações no Território da Proteção Social", approved under the Public Call Transversal Action 06/2011, called Casadinho / Procad / CNPq / Capes, under number 552248 / 2011-8. This investigative study was developed by the Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Políticas Sociais - NEPPS. For the accomplishment of the work, theoretical discussions were held on diverse conceptions and foundations that give support to the approach of the Brazilian social protection system. We link this discussion to the concept of indigenous territory, thinking about the ethnic identity that is expressed in the territory, where life happens, and show us the material and immaterial value; in the same way, we discover the relevance of the territorialization with political action among different actors and their consequences, as well as characterize territoriality in the Potiguara indigenous context, including the formal - institutional dimension. Lastly, was discussed about the social protection mechanisms existing in the municipality of Marcação, as pointed out by the natives, to finally, in the indigenous perception, we were able to understand their comprehension about social protection. As a result of the analysis, we found differences of understanding between the social protection model officially implemented in the region and the interpretations of the Tramataia indigenous. For most natives, social protection is linked to the relationship between family members. This finding evidences the excessive burden of responsibility on the relative, contrasting with the absence of the State in terms of providing social assistance services.