Síntese e otimização multiobjetivo de um sistema de fornecimento de energia com painéis fotovoltaicos

Abstract

The distributed energy generation in buildings and cities has been proposed as an important alternative for expanding the technological base of countries and diversifying their energy matrix. In the case of Brazil, the possibility of incorporating distributed generation into buildings presents legal support through recent regulations of the electric sector and of energy efficiency improvement standards, making the vision of environmental sustainability a fundamental concept in the planning and optimization phase of energy systems. This work comprises the synthesis and optimization of a power supply and conversion system. From the construction of a superstructure composed of different energy conversion technologies, a mathematical model based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) was adapted. The software Ligo was used to solve the model, which incorporated the -restriction method to approach bicriteria optimization, considering economic and environmental aspects simultaneously. The environmental information was generated by the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology for the equipment and energy resources of the superstructure. The energy analyzed for the consumer center (steam, hot water, refrigeration and electricity) were considered from the information of the required annual demands. The mathematical model included the configuration of the system (equipment to be installed) and its operation over a year. The purely economic solution was based on biomass boilers, electricity purchased from the grid and mechanical refrigeration. The environmental solution included a module of cogeneration and absorption refrigeration. Photovoltaic solar panels were installed in both solutions, but only in the environmental solution was the export of electricity to the grid (legal regulation).