"A mão que afaga é a mesma que apedreja": preconceitos e percepções de vulnerabilidades de profissionais de saúde frente às pessoas que vivem com HIV/ AIDS

Abstract

Since your arrival in the 80 that sida goes through countless metaphors that legitimize the prejudice facing people affected, becoming a handicap the efforts of prevention and treatment of disease. So, people living with HIV tend to suffer a double victimization: the first, caused by the disease itself with its consequences, and the second with respect to the prejudice experienced, marginalizing them socially. The bias is characterized as a form of relationship intergrupal organized around the power relations between groups, producing ideological representations for the expression of negative attitudes and hostile behaviour in relation to members of groups minority shareholders. Prejudice has cognitive components (beliefs and stigma), affective (feelings, emotions) and disposicionais (motivation to Act). On the above, the overall objective of this thesis was to analyze prejudices and perceptions of individual, social and programmatic vulnerabilities of health professionals against people living with HIV/sida. To do so, was with three empirical studies, with 31 participants health professionals of Paraíba, and 16 of the basic attention and 15 specialized care in HIV/sida, nurses and doctors. Most are female, with ages ranging from 25 to 64 years (M = 41.3; DP = 12.6). We used three instruments: free Word Association test, a semi-structured interview and a demographic questionnaire. The study I identified the beliefs of health professionals against people living with HIV/sida and obtained two categories: cognitive beliefs (psychosocial and clinical) and affective beliefs (suffering and prejudice), with the presence of paternalistic evocations, paternalistic and estigimatizantes on HIV-positive people. The study II reviewed the stigma, prejudice and discrimination narratives of health professionals against people with HIV, having emerged three thematic classes: I) Cognitive Component of prejudice (stigmatizing beliefs); II) affective Component of prejudice (feelings of health professionals to PVHA); and III) disposicional Component of prejudice (discrimination against PVHA services; discrimination in front of the professional and services discrimination justified). Finally, the study III, which examined the dimensions of individual, social and programmatic vulnerabilities that health professionals are to PVHA, having emerged the thematic class vulnerabilities, with three categories: individual vulnerability; social vulnerability and programmatic vulnerability. Therefore, it was found that the thesis defended was answered, the beliefs of health professionals of both networks lead to prejudices against PVHA, which in your time were in vulnerability levels. Based on stigmatizing beliefs that associate the PVHA to misinformation, individual accountability in contagion and debauched lifestyle, health professionals have demonstrated the expression of feelings apparently benevolent and positive, but I put them in a position of passivity and inability towards society and your own life. So, was the largest Association of notorious HIV vulnerability of individual nature, which may generate a backlash in response to the epidemic, to admit that the difficulty lies in individuals and social relations installed, not putting in the background need for social and programmatic changes. So, points out the need for professional trainings on HIV/aids within both networks of health access, with emphasis on psychosocial aspects.