Tecnologias em saúde e uso de preservativos entre mulheres: comunicações persuasivas à luz da Teoria da Ação Racional

Abstract

Introduction: Persuasive communication is a strategy used in different fields as a way to influence behavior. Objective: Developing light-hard technologies directed at modeling the use of condoms by women in social vulnerability, as a behavior to prevent STI/HIV. Method: Theoretical, methodological and descriptive-transversal study, grounded on the Theory of Action Reasoned, with quantitative and qualitative approach, developed in four steps. The data were analyzed with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21, through the Content Validity Index (IVC), Cronbach's alpha (α), Pearson's r and Stepwise multiple linear regression, with significant associations to p <0.05. The thesis was approved with CAAE n. 50361315.2.0000.5188 and CAAE n. 58597416.3.0000.5188. Results: At Phase I, the concept of persuasive communication in light of the Meleis Method was formulated. At Phase II, by round Delphi I, the standard "clarity" generated α = 0.95 (IC: 0.872-0.992) and p <0.01, and Global IVC was 0.82. At the same round, the standard "relevance" generated α = 0.74 (IC: 0.300-0.956) and p = 0.003, and Global IVC was 0.90. By Delphi II, it was not possible to generate the α due to the homogeneity of agreement, but the Global IVC was 0.99 for clarity and relevance. The pilot study generated α=0.61 (CI: 0.48-0.72). At Phase III, there was correlation between normative beliefs and intention to use condom (p<0,01), behavior beliefs and attitude (p<0.01), normative beliefs and attitude (p<0.05), normative beliefs and subjective norm (p<0.01), and α = 0.674 (CI = 0.592-0.746). Phase IV culminated in the elaboration of four textual and audiovisual persuasive communications: positive, negative, controlled-placebo and just-controlled. Conclusion: Light-hard technologies are able to compose strategies to promote the use of condoms among women in a situation of social vulnerability, reflecting the contributions of nursing to combat the cycles of STI/HIV contamination.