Malformações congênitas e fatores maternos de risco associados

Abstract

Congenital anomalies or malformations are disorders in the form, structure, and / or function of embryonic organs, cells or cellular components present at birth and may occur at any stage of fetal development. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in Brazil, congenital malformations are the second largest cause of infant mortality, diagnosed in the gestational period or in the neonatal phase. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of live births with congenital malformations in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service of the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, as well as to identify the types of congenital malformations in the children included in the sample and to indicate maternal risk factors that may be present related to the occurrence of identified malformations. The study was documentary and descriptive with a quantitative approach.The prevalence of congenital malformations was 3.16% of cases or 1 in 32 live births. The identified congenital malformations were "cardiac alteration", "small bowel obstruction" and "facial asymmetry", each with one case. The highest risk of malformations in preterm infants (mean 36.6 weeks) and among male newborns (100%) was confirmed. Cases occurred more frequently in adult mothers (22-40 years) and in a stable marital union. The study of the congenital malformations allowed the knowledge of the epidemiological picture, allowing reflections about health actions in the maternal and child area and providing subsidies for public policies of prevention and control.