Aspectos epidemiológicos de acidentes por aranhas no estado da Paraíba nos anos de 2015 a 2017

Abstract

Poisonous animals are a public health problem, given the large number of accidents they cause. In Brazil, the main accidents with venomous animals are ophidian, scorpionic and araneian. Among the several species of spiders we highlight those of medical interest that are: Loxosceles, Phoneutria and Latrodectus. These spiders easily found near homes or even in their interior cause accidents ranging from mild to severe. The objectives of this study were to identify spiders of medical interest in Brazil, to observe the poison effects of these spiders, to report the main symptomatologies of araneísmos victims, as well as to verify epidemiological data from the SINAN spiders from the years 2015 to 2017. The work consists of a literature review from 2007 to 2018, where queries were made to the electronic database such as: Scielo (ScientificElectronic Library Online), LILACS (Latin American Literature and Caribbean Health Sciences) and CAPES Portal (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health were used with official figures on spider accidents from the years 2015 to 2017, sex and age group prevalent in cases and risk classification. In 2015, 95 cases were reported, 2016 were 61 and 2017 were 5431, the prevalent age group in cases was between 20 and 39 years, 37.90% of cases in 2015, 31.15% of cases in 2016 and 32% in 2017, with regard to the most frequent sex in accidents we have that in 2015, 54.74% were female in 2016 we had 57.38% male and 2017 we had 56.49% female, mostly accidents are slight, 76.84% in 2015, 72.2% in 2016 and 90% in 2017, the species with the highest number of cases is Loxosceles, but what is worth mentioning are notifications with ignored species or others with number very high, which can be a consequence of the difficulty in identifying the species and also the poor conditions in which the animals arrive at the service, making it even more difficult to identify. It is concluded that there is a real need to expand the studies on the main species of medical importance so that more concrete figures can be obtained on the accidents reported as araneísmo.