Desempenho ocupacional das famílias cuidadoras de pessoas com transtornos mentais atendidas em dispositivo de atenção psicossocial

Abstract

With the process of psychiatric institutionalization, treatment of people with mental disorders, characterized by long before psychiatric hospitalizations, chronicity and social exclusion, went on to defend the humanized care, the integration of the individual in the family and society. The family of the person with a mental disorder, for a considerable time was excluded from the assistance provided to his family. He is currently an important partner of care, since most people who were treated in closed institutions, today live daily with their caregivers, at home. However, families often are not prepared to act as caretakers of close family members with mental disorders, and thus experience a context of overloads in everyday life. It is not uncommon the fact they have not with satisfactory support to deal with the complex situation of caring for a relative who needs care at length in daily life. This research aims to describe the areas of occupational performance (work, rest and sleep, leisure and social participation), the caregivers families before and after the mental illness of his family and the repercussions of this fact in daily life and living conditions of family caregivers; Identify among the areas of occupational performance (work, rest and sleep, leisure and social participation), those considered most important for family caregivers, and the strategies used by them for the development of these areas, with a view to changes in their daily lives and their living conditions. This is a qualitative, critical and reflective study. Approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of the University Hospital Lauro Wanderley the Federal University of Paraíba, in the period from July 2014 to February 2015. The instrument for data collection was semi-structured interviews. Data collection took place in October and November 2014, after receiving the assent of the CEP. The material was subjected to the analysis of data according to Minayo (2008), following three methodological steps: pre-analysis, material exploration, processing of data and interpretation. The research findings revealed that with regard to the areas of occupational performance (work, rest and sleep, leisure and social participation) of family before becoming caregivers, four of them worked before the mental illness of their relatives and family, by the will of spouse, only performed housework. With regard to rest and sleep, the five family caregivers, two reported not enjoy a good rest and sleep before getting sick of your family, a fact surely occasioned negative impact on the dynamics of your everyday life . The other three caregivers had a good rest and sleep. It was identified that the leisure of the caregivers in this study, before the mental illness of the family, was designed and related to diverse aspects. The five family caregivers interviewed reported an active social participation, whether in church, community groups, in the family. With regard to the areas of occupational performance after mental illness the family, all family caregivers have had to stop work activities outside the home to care for relatives with mental disorders. The rest and sleep of them had to suffer. The leisure and social participation of family caregivers were determined by dynamic behavior of their relatives with mental disorders. With regard to the areas of occupational performance considered the most important by family caregivers, they elected two: rest and sleep and social participation. With the completion of this study, we can see the relevance of the intervention of health workers, because through dialogue and more systematic follow-up to these families, you can help minimize the impact of a life in organized care and overloads generated by these care and so contribute to improving the quality of life of families and caregivers also of users with mental disorders.