O processo de externalização de fronteiras europeias e o acordo de devolução com a Turquia

Abstract

This paper proposes to analyze the possible interests of both actors involved in the establishment of border externalization policies, as it has occurred in the case of the 2016 EU-Turkey Readmission Deal. This work was intended to answer the interests of the actors that led to the signing of the Readmission Deal. For this, a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research was conducted through the analysis of official organizational and governmental documents and reports, official numerical data, political speeches and academic literature. From this, it could be concluded the following interests. For the European Union, the signing of the Readmission Deal was essential to control the large migratory flows of Syrian refugees entering the European Union, as Turkey was considered the largest transit country for these refugees. For Turkey, at least four interests favored the implementation of the agreement. First, the need for financial aid to keep refugees within Turkey, as it is still the country with the largest number of refugees in the world. Second, Turkey was seeking visa liberalization to travel to the EU for its citizens. These two interests are spelled out in the Agreement, while the other two may be considered long-term objectives. Thus, the third is Turkey's interest in becoming a stronger regional actor. Finally, Turkey is interested in becoming part of the EU, a discussion that has been going on for over 30 years.