Compostos fenólicos de Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman: isolamento e caracterização por cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrometria de massas

Abstract

The human population has always sought important therapeutic properties in the vegetable species and, as a result, it began to use them in the treatment of various diseases, from the observation that in plants there are substances that act in the recovery of human health. Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman, popularly known as "Guarda Dew" is a species of the Erythroxylaceae family endemic to the Northeast region of Brazil with occurrence confirmed only in the state of Paraíba. Due to the absence of chemical and pharmacological studies, this work aims to make a phytochemical approach and to evaluate the cytotoxicity potential of the ethyl acetate phase of E. pauferrense. The aerial parts of the species were collected in the municipality of Aréia - PB, after drying and spraying, extraction of the vegetal material and subsequent partition of the extract resulted in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n - butanolic phases. The ethyl acetate phase was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer, presenting 14 main peaks, which were putatively identified as flavonoids glycosides and oligomeric flavonoids. The same phase was subjected to column chromatography, and one of its fractions was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode arrangement detector on analytical scale and preparative scale fractionation, leading to the isolation of three major substances: Quercetin-3- sambubioside, Quercetin-3-O-α-L-raminoside, and Ombuin-3rutinoside. These were identified by uni and bidimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. For the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate phase of E. Pauferrense, a selection was made using the human tumor cell lines HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma) in RPMI-1640 medium. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT reduction assay. This screening showed a low activity (inhibition of cell growth ranging from 20 to 50%) for the HCT-116 lineage, a moderate activity (inhibition of cell growth ranging from 50 to 70%) for the MCF-7 lineage and much activity for the HL-60 line promoting a growth inhibition ranging from 70 to 100%. Therefore, this screening has a very promising result for the HL-60 lineage. The results obtained from this work contributed to the phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge of the genus Erythroxylum and the species Erythroxylum pauferrense.