Análise quali-quantitativa da arborização do Campus IV da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto - PB

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the afforestation of the Campus IV UFPB, Rio Tinto-PB, taking into account phytosanitary, ecological and dendrology characteristics as well as the interactions of trees with urban facilities, aiming to know your heritage trees. The Campus UFPB IV is divided into two units, located in the municipalities of Rio Tinto and Mamanguape-PB. The unit’s focus of this study lies in the city of Rio Tinto PB, over an area of 4.0893m². Samples were collected from May to September 2011 the census and following the methodology of Silva Filho et al. (2002). Measurements were performed with the aid of tape and measuring diameter tape. A total of 45 individual trees were recordered, distributed in 14 species and 10 families, where most are exotic. The overall height of the trees ranged from 12,84 m and 3,02 m. 64,4% are medium sized, 24,4% are large and 11,1% are small. 26,6% of the trees were over than 1,80m in the first branch, 31,1% were below and 42,2% had no branches. With regard to canopy diameter, 7.8% had crowns of length less than or equal to 4m, 18.4% between 4,0m and 6,0m, and 73.6% above 6,0 m. Respected to diameter at the chest 73,8% of the trees were below 0,5m, 19% DAP have greater than 0,50m and less than 1,0m and 7,1% DAP is greater than 1,0m. The minimum distance between trees was 4,5m and maximum of 80,2m. The average distance of 15,48m is observed. Regarding the balance of 42,2% had stem imbalance. Canopy and 37,7% were unbalanced. On the state of the stem was following: 20% intact, injured and vandalized 35,6%, 28,9% abused vandalized 8,9%, 4,4% and 2,2% split hollow. 91,1% of the trees are planted in beds with sand, 4.4% with grass, and 2,2% had stones or pavement. The intensities of the lesions on the stem were 64,4% mild, 2,2% severe, 13,3% medium and 20% missing. Among the pests, ants predominated in 75,5%. Ecological interactions in lichens were recorded in 82,9% of subjects, 43.9% in spiders, bees in 29,2%, mosses 24,3% , butterflies in 9,7%, plants epiphytes 7,3%. As for the growth stage, 91,1% of trees had leaves, immature fruits 51,1%, open flowers 44,4%,mature fruits 15,5%,flower buds 13,3%, budding leaves 6,6%; leaf in fall 4,4% and 26,7% had branches epicórmicos. Regarding the general location, it was observed that 48,8% were planted in beds, 37,7% are planted on public roads and sidewalks in 13,3%. In relative location, 53,3% were in a centralized location, 15,5% were against the wall and 31,1% along the border. The outcrop of the roots showed a percentage of 75,5% of the trees, 20% of the roots emerge within the beds and 4,4% on the sidewalks. On the electrical wiring was observed that 64.4% of the trees do not interfere with wires, 28,9% were in the potential category and 6,7% were in contact. 73,3% of the trees are not in contact with the poles, 22,2% are in potential state and 4,4% in direct contact. 86,7% of the trees had no contact with the lighting, were 6,7% and 6,7% potential positioning in direct contact. Respected to the walls, 57,8% are absent, 22,2% and 20% in potential contact. It is concluded that the Campus IV UFPB Rio Tinto-PB, when compared to other Campuses in Brazil has a small amount of trees. Plant health of individual trees is not compromised, even if they have injuries; they fail to commit to the plant. The Campus is blessed with available space for planting, requiring only qualified persons for proper handling.