Estudo comparativo do uso de hidroxiapatita e nano hidroxiapatita no tratamento de defeitos ósseos periodontais: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) appears as an alternative to autograft grafts, being a mineral constituent formed by crystalline calcium phosphate, which is a viable alternative for bone regeneration. This material has chemical properties and crystallographic similarities with inorganic components of the bone and dental matrices, with excellent osteoconductivity and can be used as grafting material for the repair of periodontal bone defects. This work aims to answer the following question which form of hydroxyapatite is most effective in the treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects? Method: A search was made in the main scientific bases of studies using some form of HAp in the treatment of periodontal bone defects. Inclusion criteria for this review were randomized clinical trials, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, without restriction of year of publication or language. Results: Eight articles were selected for this review. The treatment of periodontal bone defects with hydroxyapatite-based materials was shown to be effective in the selected articles, especially after the 6-month follow-up. However, due to the low number of patients in the articles, these results have only internal representativeness. Hydroxyapatite and nano hydroxyapatite (NHAp) were shown to be well tolerated to tissues and no complications were reported with use and promoted a similar filling of periodontal defects. Conclusion: It is imperative that new studies be carried out in order to determine with greater reliability the applicability of these materials in the treatment of periodontal bone defects.