Análise da gestão das águas de reservatórios no Seridó do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

The river basin is used as the most effective territorial unit for analysis, planning and management to characterize water resources, minimize impacts and recover environmental disturbances, such as pollution of river tributaries or reduction of vegetation cover. The management of these scarce water resources is an indispensable but insufficient condition for overcoming the situation of economic and social underdevelopment in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast. The objective of this study was to evaluate the management of the water resources of the reservoirs of the Seridó-RN Sub-basin, with the help of geotechnologies, as a way of identifying problems and possible solutions. From the mapping of satellite images of the years (2009 and 2016), the size of the area of the reservoirs in hectares was verified, relating them to the rainfall data. It was observed a marked reduction in the area of the water mirror caused mainly by the high rates of evaporation of the semiarid, the long drought period and the multiple uses of the water resources. At the stage of assessing the impacts of the demands for the use of water in these reservoirs, it was possible to verify that these reservoirs in the semiarid have multiple and conflicting uses, including irrigation; Meteorological monitoring and water demands are inaccurate or often non-existent; And another aspect is that the institutions responsible for the management of water resources are not yet adequately established or consolidated. In the mapping of land use and land cover it has been found that the undue occupation of any spatial cliff creates environmental implications that may, in the near future, cause problems for human communities. It was identified that the class of use with greater predominance in the sub-basin is the class of Open Caatinga occupying 64.8% of the total area, this allows us to deduce that the studied area presents a spatial cut that is passing through stages of environmental pressure . When it comes to the supply systems of these municipalities to which the reservoirs are located, it has been shown that practically all the reservoirs that are inserted in the sub-basin have collapsed or were subjected to severe rationing, where the most critical situations of collapse occurred In the municipalities of Acari and Caicó. Through the data analyzed it is possible to infer that there are several factors that contributed to the current water crisis, such as: economic, administrative, political, social and environmental. Finally, we emphasize that despite having a law that implements an integrated, participatory and decentralized water management system, the actions coordinated by the state government of Rio Grande do Norte, and the bodies responsible for water resources management have not been able to Serious threat of water shortages in the Region.