“Cachimbo é catimbó e vice-versa”: uma análise iconográfica do cachimbo e do ritual de jurema de chão

Abstract

The various types of rite tend to organize in the liturgy the symbolic universe of a tradition. In this case, Catimbó-Jurema is a magical-religious tradition, and in the Jurema of Ground ritual, both aspects are evident in the practices, the magical, linked to the sympathetic spiritual processes, and the religious, as an organized system of knowledge and origins. Since the rite is an organized system of symbolic values, it is necessary to understand its structure, stratify its layers of action and typify its functions, categorizing in a systematic way. The data collected were given through ethnography, having as the interlocutor the person of Pai Beto (Eriberto Carvalho Ribeiro), founder of the Tent of Jurema of the Caboclo Seven Arrows, João Pessoa-PB, and the Temple of the Twelve Kingdoms of the Jurema Holy and Sacred, Alhandra-PB. The work is developed from a historical and anthropological perspective within the scope of Empirical Sciences of Religion. Historical by the contexts of Catimbó-Jurema and of the researched terreiros, exactly in the Jurema of Ground ritual we focused on the iconographic analysis of the smoking pipe, this information was obtained on this particular liturgical object, which, although static, in the dynamics of the Jurema of Ground ritual demonstrates participating in a network of symbolic meanings. About iconography, we deal with an artistic piece and for this reason the concept of art, order and supplier, went beyond the limits of the sacred space, demonstrating a wide range of social connections and the iconographic motives are in a process of overflow, continuum, between terreiro and market, and vice versa. This demonstrates how Catimbó-Jurema has a rich material production, and not only that, with iconographic and marketing motifs from the terreiros. In the ritual, it was possible to observe the latent art of the magical-religious worldview, present in orality and in the “enchanted narratives”, in order to enter the rite with its performances and aspects. In the cities of João Pessoa-PB and in Alhandra-PB, Catimbó-Jurema has been undergoing a process of reinvention in the terreiros, in addition to the legitimation of its religion through processes of tipping, which are a motivator for the valorization of religion, and in this work we are monitoring these processes. We focus on the iconographic analysis of the smoking pipe, and during this analysis we also find a rich organized systematization of its liturgical objects, of its functions and flows during the rite, of meanings and connections, its magical-religious structure, being possible for this object and ritual to ponder plausibly the symbolic values that place part of the liturgical modus operandi in the rite.