Treinamento aeróbio com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo: efeitos crônicos na saúde óssea, desempenho neuromuscular e percepção de prazer em idosas

Abstract

Introduction: the preservation of bone mass, increased muscle strength and balance of older women are associated with better levels of practice of systematized exercises. Combined aerobic training with restriction of blood flow seems to be a new decisive alternative in this process, but knowledge gaps are still observed when referring to the exercise associated with RFS and the adaptations on bone variables, neuromuscular performance and perception of pleasure performed by elderly women. Objective: to analyze the chronic effects of aerobic training with restriction of blood flow (RFS) on bone health, neuromuscular performance and perception of pleasure in the elderly. Materials and Methods: the sample consisted of n=30 women with osteopenia and / or osteoporosis, who were grouped into 3 situations: a) walking on the treadmill with RFS at 40% of the peak VO2 (CAM+RFS: n=10; 64.1±2.5 years; 64.7±10.5 kg; 1.52±0.04 m; 28.0±4.1 kg/m2); b) walking on the treadmill with 60% of peak VO2 (CAM: n=9; 65.2±5.3 years; 69.4±8.2 kg; 1.53±0.05 m; 29.7±3.3 kg/m2), and c) control group: RFS (n=11; 68.4±4.8 years; 64.9±12.8 kg; 1.50±0.03 m; 28.6±5.7 kg/m2). The protocols were: aerobic training with and without RFS, and application of the RFS technique without exercise, all for 24 without, 20 minutes each session, 3x / week, alternate days. Before, they were evaluated for bone health through the DXA examination and OC blood collection; (EMG, muscle strength, TUGT, SL, static and dynamic balance), during the training the perception of pleasure was verified by the affectivity scale and after the intervention all variables were reevaluated. The data were analyzed in the software (SPSS, 20.0). The data normality test (Shaphiro-Wilk) was applied. The analysis of comparisons using Generalized Estimated Equations (EEG) with gamma log function, Bonferroni post hoc and P≤0.05; Spearman correlation ρ was used to verify the dependencies between variables and training, and the effect size (Cohen's d). Results: Osteocalcin increased after 12 weeks and increased with 24 weeks of training (W(2)=10.95; P=0.004), there was no change in DXA (CL, CF and FT); in neuromuscular performance: increase in the EMG ofthe flexors (W(2)=27.09; P<0.01); and extensors (W(2)=57.32; P<0.01); strengthof the flexors (W(2)=75.37; P<0.01); and knee extensors (W(2)=79.87; P<0.01); in functional performance: decrease in TUGT time (W(2)=140.10; P<0.01); and increase of SL repetitions (W(2)=269.99; P<0.01); (ρ=0.69; P=0.03) between PRFS and the Affectivity Scale, and a positive correlation (ρ=0.69, P=0.03) in theCAM + RFS group. Conclusion: the aerobic training associated to RFS is an effective alternative for bone health, maintenance of bone mineral density, neuromuscular performance and the affectivity induced by the exercise of elderly women