A atuação dos militares na revolução passiva brasileira

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the elements that characterize the Brazilian bourgeois revolution of 1930 as a passive revolution, seeking to understand the protagonism of the military intellectuals in this process. Our hypothesis is that the protagonism played by the military in the Brazilian revolution, as leaders and organizers of the middle classes, allows them to be classified as organic intellectuals. From a critical perspective of reality analysis, this qualitative research was developed through two research procedures: bibliographical and documentary. In the analysis of the Brazilian reality, we have appropriated "translatability" as a methodological resource that allows us to apply the categories and concepts of Gramsci to other similar nationalities. We verified in this research that the process of formation of a bourgeois state in Brazil in 1930, starting from a bourgeois revolution that did not occur in a Jacobin way, but instead modernized by the "high" - as was the historical case of the Italian Risorgimento - it is characterized as a passive revolution. In the particular case of the Brazilian case, the research indicates that the military of the tenentista movement, fundamental political subjects of this dissertation, constituted one of the propulsive forces of this "revolutionary" process in 1930, as well as they do not fit in any preexisting and rigid formula. From the protagonism played by this sector, as leaders and organizers of the middle classes, we analyzed the military from the perspective of the Intellectuals category of A. Gramsci. Therefore, we come to the conclusion that the military characterize themselves as organic rather than traditional intellectuals, with an emphasis on class linkage. Despite being born within a corporation belonging to the state apparatus, institutionally oriented to the formation of intellectuals defending order, the lieutenants' movement defended patterns of contestation, using war of movement and rupturist tactics.