Estudo do potencial fitorremediador das macrófitas aquáticas lentilha d’água (Lemna sp.) e da orelha de onça (Salvinia auriculata Aubl.) e da sua biomassa para aplicação na produção de briquetes

Abstract

The decontamination of the water using phytoremediation runs into the problem of plant proliferation, which, although effective in this process, can cause ecological imbalance. This impasse can be minimized with a management approach that foresees the withdrawal of these plants from their aquatic environment as soon as their phytoremediation cycle ends. In view of the above, the objective of this work was to investigate and analyze whether aquatic macrophytes such as Water Lentils (Lemna Sp.) And Ear of Onca (Salvinia auriculata Aubl.) In the phytoremediation process, as well as their potential for manufacture of briquettes from their biomass for energy purposes. Therefore, the water of the Jaguaribe River was chosen in the city of João Pessoa-PB, because it is a river that shows a certain degree of eutrophication and the presence of untreated domestic sewage. The tanks to follow the analyzes were installed in the city of Conde, where vegetative growth was monitored. Water quality analyzes and procedures were performed in accordance with the methodologies of the Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, in duplicates to ensure the acquisition of more accurate data for physicochemical and microbiological analyzes. In the process of obtaining the biomass were carried out the analyzes in duplicates, aiming to determine the immediate composition, the calorific power of the briquettes. The results of the research demonstrated more than 90% of the phytoremediative action capacity of the aquatic macrophytes studied, specifically regarding microbiological removal, around 98% of total coliform efficacy, 100% for thermotolerant coliforms and more than 91% for Heterotrophic bacteria. The energy values obtained for calorific value were 15.57 MJ / kg (Water lentil) and 15.40 MJ / kg (Ear of Onça), satisfactory results when compared to other species of aquatic macrophytes and even with some species of firewood. In this way, this technical and scientific data prove that the use of aquatic macrophytes as phytoremediation plants has the potential of efficient renewable energy production, contributing to the solution of two environmental problems, the pollution of rivers and diversification of the productive energy matrix.