Violência obstétrica e os procedimentos com fins didáticos: conflitos entre o direito à autonomia das mulheres e a formação educacional dos médicos

Abstract

Obstetric violence is defined as physical, psychological and/or verbal violence committed to women during pregnancy, delivery and/or postpartum by health professionals. Among some types of this violence, there is that carried out for didactic purposes, that is, that committed with the purpose of demonstrating some conduct to the medical undergraduate student, resulting in a violation of the human rights of pregnant women to the detriment of a didactic practice. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to analyze obstetric violence committed for didactic purposes, its relationship with the educational formation of the undergraduate student of medicine and education in human rights. Its specific objectives were: to contextualize obstetric violence, defining it and observing it as a reality in our country; to analyze if and how obstetric violence occurs for didactic purposes in public maternity hospitals in the State of Paraíba; to identify if the medical course's teaching regulations are related to Human Rights Education and provide a framework for the protection of women's rights. The research had a qualitative approach, supported by bibliographic and documental research in which we identified documents that guide teaching based on the culture in/for human rights. As an instrument for data collection we used two types of electronic questionnaires, elaborated through the "Google Forms" tool, in which they were answered by Doulas and women who were already pregnant. The data were analyzed in the light of the set of techniques called content analysis. As results we observed that of the 10 (ten) doulas that answered, 6 (six) stated that they had already witnessed some act of obstetric violence committed in the presence of medical students and these acts happened at most 3 (three) years ago. As for the women who were already pregnant, of the 22 who responded, 13 classified their experiences of childbirth and cesarean sections as regular, bad, or very bad. Of these, 10 (ten) said they had medical students during their delivery and 8 (eight) said they were not comfortable with their presence. It is important to mention that in these cases episodes of obstetric violence committed in the presence of the students were reported. Thus, we denote that, in spite of the fact that there are documentary materials that guide the training of medical students in a culture in/for human rights, the teaching behaviors in practice go in the opposite direction to the protection and autonomy of women.