Aspectos anatomopatólogicos de urolitíase vesical associado a hiperplasia próstatica em um cão: relato de caso

Abstract

Urolithiasis is in third place in the most frequent diseases of the urinary tract, it is a multifactorial disease because it is considered a consequence of other pathologies in most cases, among these other diseases prostatic hyperplasia is among one of the most common causes of stone formation in elderly animals. Prolonged exposure to the action of hormones on the prostate stimulates prostate cells, increasing their volume, leading to urethral stricture, which causes a decrease in urinary flow leading to urine precipitation and subsequently the formation of stones. We report the case of a 10-year-old Sheepdog dog, adult, male, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba, with a history of difficulty in defecating, anorexia, apathy and weight loss. The animal was subjected to a blood test to check its condition, which confirmed azotemia, severe anemia and neutrophilia leukocytosis, a radiographic examination was also performed where bladder stones were found, due to the critical condition the animal was admitted for stabilization, not resisted and dying in 24 hours. At necropsy, necrotizing hemorrhagic cystitis was observed with excessive distension of the bladder that contained several urolithic bladders, associated with prostatic hyperplasia. Thus, the decrease in urinary flow due to prostatic obstruction led to precipitation and formation of stones that severely damaged the bladder mucosa leading to necrotizing hemorrhagic cystitis. Urethral obstruction can lead to an acute onset of renal failure, as a result of urinary non excretion, which leads to pressure to return to the kidney, increasing plasma urea concentrations and causing post-renal azotemia, this renal injury will compromise the function of maintaining kidney homeostasis, leading the animal to an imbalance in the volume of body fluids and compromising the survival and maintenance of cellular activities. Acute kidney damage leads to the accumulation of nitrogen compounds that combined with hyperkalaemia and endotoxins may have caused endotoxic shock and cardiac arrest. The main form of prevention for prostatic hyperplasia is castration, as the prostate gland shrinks by around 70% after the procedure. For urolithiasis it is important to balance the diet, stimulate water intake and increase physical activity.