Poiésis e sacralidade: o mito da beleza trágica em Helena (Eurípedes), Narciso (Ovídio) e Psiquê (Apuleio)

Abstract

This research was made to analyze the myths about Helena in the homonyms tragedy of Euripides, Narcissus, in Metamorfoses by Ovid, and Psyche, in O asno de ouro, examining their paradoxes from the beauty that they represent and the tragic life which they lived. These questions come from the confluences between these mythical narratives and their original sacredness, facing a context in that is testified a constant process of transformation and heyday of the philosophical logos in Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. Traditionally associated with religious ceremonies, the myths exerted great importance, being fundamental to the paideia, contributing to the social and cultural formation of that people. However, they had their position questioned by the increasing of the philosophical thinking which showed a new discursive method to reflect about humanity. In our hypothesis, the enchanted beauty of Helena, Narcissus and Psyche, instead of characterize a god’s gift, contrarily, correspond to the destiny or dismal situation they will suffer. And to substantiate our investigation, we’ll construct dialogues with some authors, like Plato and Aristotle, who contribute with their thinking about the poiésis and their principles into their social context. For the analyzes of this philosophic aesthetic, it will be used the studies of Benedito Nunes (2016), Umberto Eco (2017), Georges Bataille (1987) among others. For the analyzes of the sacred aspect and its semantic multiplicity, it will be used the studies of Mircea Eliade (1992/2008/2013/2016), Joseph Campbell (1990/1992/2004/2007/2015), Ernest Cassirer (1992), Northrop Frye (2014), Jean-Pierre Vernant (1978/1989/1990/2000/2002/2006/2008) among others. We emphasize that, to guide our arguments, it will be used a hermeneutic perspective through Hans-Georg Gadamer (1999) and Paul Ricouer (1989/1994/2015/2016). Using the perspective of these interlocutors, we will base our arguments on the defense of the ‘Tragic Beauty Myth’, emphasizing the sacred disposition that, even in a powerful philosophic reflection, still remains vivid and active. Because of that, even in the heydays of the pólis, the myths went on stage and starred the unprecedented and the unusual of the human life. Facing that, we justify the relevancy of our research; we emphasize that, as a methodology, it will be used the qualitative and investigative analysis of propositions and we will be in constant interaction with several areas of the knowledge, as it is required for a study of the Sciences of Religions.