Mulheres tabajara: disputas territoriais, gênero e identidade das indígenas no litoral sul da Paraíba

Abstract

This work aims to discuss the territorialities of Tabajara indigenous women in the State of Paraíba, seeking dialogue with the categories of identity, gender and memory. To systematize this study, a bibliographic review was carried out on the following concepts and authors: Territory: Ratzel (1990), Raffestin (1993), Santos (2000), Haesbaert (2002; 2004), Mura (2015) and Marques (2015). We draw a parallel between territory / territoriality and identity, taking as a theoretical basis the concept of identity with questions based on Hall (2006). To discuss indigenous feminism we anchored in: Aguilar (2013), Akotirene (2018), Crenshaw (2002), Gargallo (2014), Sacchi (2014), Gromkow (2012) and Segatto (2003). We approach the concept of collective memory based on Bosi (2006), Le Goff (1996) and Halbwachs (2006) The methodology used was based on participatory research, based on Marcos (2006) and Brandão (2007). Primary data obtained in the field through semi-structured interviews and based on the history of the present time were used. The interviews were directed to the subjects of this research, the Tabajara women, at the time when we carried out field activities, using as a technique, notes in a field notebook based on the participant observation. The affirmation of the political space occupied by women among the Tabajara has provided a better view of the participation of women in the political life of their people. The Tabajara are in a process with regard to their organizational dynamics. However, they are constantly expanding due to the actions they claim, such as the territorial demarcation with the presence of women, in the village Barra de Gramame, village Vitória and the deterritorialized women. The Tabajara memory is present in practices, way of life, painting, manipulation of medicinal herbs, ceramics and also in oral history passed down between generations. The history of the Tabajara people, as well as the other people des-re-territorialized by colonization, is one of human rights violations, however these violations affect women's lives more profoundly due to their ethnic, social and gender condition.