Os efeitos do acordo sobre agricultura da Organização Mundial do Comércio para incentivar a promoção da segurança alimentar: uma revisão sistemática de literatura

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the effects that the 3 pillars of the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) had to encourage the promotion of food security in the signatory countries of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The provisions on export subsidies, market access and domestic support have fostered intense debates in the specialized literature and their effectiveness in increasing the capacities that peripheral states have to implement measures to defend their food security and the development of their agricultural sector consists of a sensitive point of divergences. The persistence of commercial advantages for developed countries has had a direct impact on the variability of prices and supply of agricultural products in global markets. In view of the persistence of distortive protectionist measures triggered by large food exporters, the axiom defended by the WTO to promote food security, based on the expansion of agricultural trade flows to increase the availability of food and recipes to provide national food assistance programs, has encountered difficulties to perform. Considering that there are contradictory theses about the potential intervention of the agricultural liberalization model advocated by AoA for food security, the conduct of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was considered pertinent to test the WTO hypothesis represented by its axiom in defense of the free trade. SLR consists of a method capable of translating and systematizing a large amount of information in order to contribute with answers to questions related to the effectiveness and testing of chains of causality. The result of the research allowed us to verify that the regulation of the pillars of the AoA did little to change the capacity to apply distortive policies in developed countries and increase the policy space of developing and less developed countries to promote their food security.