Análise das temáticas físico-naturais nos livros didáticos de geografia do ensino médio

Abstract

The problems involving textbooks mobilize researchers to reflect on this teaching instrument that has always been present in the universe of Basic Education, raising debates and criticisms in the academic, political and social spheres. This thesis proposes to analyze the contents that deal with physical-natural themes in Geography textbooks of the 1st series of High School of the 14 collections that the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) distributed to Brazilian public schools in the 2018- 2020 period. The results obtained allowed to outline the way the analyzed textbooks portray the contents on Geology, Geomorphology and Pedology. The thesis presents data and analyzes the quality of imagery and textual representations, the relevance of physical-natural themes in the teaching of school Geography and whether these contents establish links with situations or cases observable in the landscapes of Brazil. For that, the information present in 14 different books was quantified and qualified, observing if the data on the chosen themes provide clear and correct subsidies, useful to the teaching of Geography in Basic Education. In the textbooks evaluated, there was an urgent need for corrections, an interdisciplinary approach, updates of concepts, absence of relevant information and greater contextualization about the geological, geomorphological and pedological framework of Brazil, in addition to the lack of applicability on the respective contents to reality of the Basic Education universe. In the development of the research, specialized and updated bibliographies were consulted that allowed to quantify and qualify the inaccuracies in the analyzed books. As a contribution, proposals are made for didactic thematic maps on seismic activity in Brazil and on the main soils present in the country, in addition to detailed topographic profiles of the Brazilian relief compartments elaborated using the free Google Earth software and its tools. The work seeks to contribute with the teaching of fundamental themes for the understanding of the particularities that configure the geographic space, addressing knowledge necessary for the whole society, as well as proposing the correction of incorrect information found in these textbooks.