Participação das organizações sociais brasileiras na produção das diretrizes de gênero na REAF-Mercosul

Abstract

REAF was created in 2004 with the aim of raising a dialogue for proposing public policies for family farming in Mercosur countries. It was the result of the articulation of rural movements in South America, represented by the Confederação de Organizações de Produtores Familiares do Mercosul Ampliado (COPROFAM) and also a favorable political moment in the region, from the elections of progressive governments in the early 2000s. The bloc began to attach greater importance to the social, structural and democratic deficit, opening spaces for dialogue with civil society, including REAF, which demonstrated, until 2014, a positive example of social participation for the region. The constitution of the Gender work group (GT) was proposed by the Brazilian government, which demonstrated a major role in developing the agenda for rural South American women. Thus, this dissertation seeks to analyze the scope of the participation of Brazilian social organizations in the production of REAF's gender policy guidelines, between 2004 and 2018. With this objective, we seek to analyze the ways in which these groups have taken their demands to the regional sphere and dialogued with governments and other organizations, to draw attention to gender issues in rural areas, in addition to understanding how conjunctural changes have affected the participation of these groups. The analysis of the Brazilian case is carried out based on the participation of the Movimento Interestadual das Quebradeiras de Coco Babaçu (MIQCB), Movimento da Mulher Trabalhadora Rural do Nordeste (MMTR-NE), Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores Agricultores e Agricultoras Familiares (CONTAG) and Conselho Nacional das Populações Extrativistas (CNS), organizations most often over the years in regional meetings. The methodology used is of a qualitative nature. This is a case study of social participation in a regional government organization. We work with the theoretical perspective of Social Participation in Regional Integration, with some contributions from feminist literature on the political subject and rural social movements. Procedural methods were document analysis, especially minutes of meetings and other official publications; semi-structured interviews directed to mixed and rural women's organizations that have a gender agenda and representatives of the Brazilian government under the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA) and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA); and observation, from the fieldwork developed at the national (in Brazil) and regional meetings of the XXX REAF, in May and June 2019, respectively. We used the Content Analysis technique and the textual analysis software IRaMuTeQ, which made it possible to infer that Brazilian organizations played a crucial role in the construction of the agenda, especially between 2004 and 2014, mainly because they were already present in spaces of social participation at the national level, and already articulated with other movements in Latin America. The scope of participation is related to the proposition of public policies for rural women and Family Farming as a whole, denouncing acts, discussing and surveying a unified agenda for organizations, articulating networks and obtaining visibility, which have even influenced participants from other countries, both formally and informally. On the other hand, from 2015, regional political crises have negatively influenced the development of actions and social participation, especially with the emergence of conservative governments, which has reduced the incidence of Brazilian movements on the actions of the GT, mainly because the participation was significantly reduced.