Avaliação econômica e ambiental de um sistema fotovoltaico integrado à construção - BIPV

Abstract

Building Integrated Photovoltaic - BIPV consists in the inclusion of photovoltaic modules in the building structure, giving them functionality as a constructive element, in addition to electrical generation. This dissertation focused on environmental impacts, economic feasibility and sustainability guidelines in the implementation of an integrated solar photovoltaic system. The dissertation was organized in the form of scientific articles. In the first article, bibliometrics and a systematic review were carried out on the relationship of the pillars of sustainability in the works related to BIPVs, in addition to investigating the main gaps found in the literature, as a way of verifying their contributions to the sustainable development mode. The second article analyzed and compared the economic feasibility between the implementation of a BIPV system and a conventional photovoltaic system in the city of Pau dos Ferros-RN, and in locations that cover all the predominant climatic types in Brazil. Financial simulations and statistical tests were carried out, considering local characteristics and the accumulated probability of positive returns. In the third study, an assessment of the environmental impacts related to a BIPV was identified and carried out, from its manufacture to full operation, through the preparation of a Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM). With the result of the analysis, the environmental feasibility of its implementation was verified, as well as the dynamics of the occurrence of impacts and its contrast with the conventional model. In the fourth work, the carbon footprint of a conventional and a semi-transparent photovoltaic system was compared, evaluating their emission factors through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The results expressed an important contribution of BIPVs in disseminating the concept of sustainable buildings, especially when they are part of a material recycling cycle. In summary, the BIPV plays a promising environmental and socioeconomic role, with an excellent contribution to the propagation of the theory and practice of sustainable constructions, although it still needs improvement in terms of social policies, research and development.