Janelas de Oportunidades na Segurança Pública, O fenômeno da criminalidade e políticas públicas em segurança.

Abstract

The phenomenon of criminality is a constant concern in social science studies, since we can combine different theories about crime for the efficient and critical formulation of public policies and also to improve the control of existing ones. In this way, the institutional debate focusing on public security in the country brings the problem of being dominated by a great partisanship and ideologization, which hinders the continuity of security policies that already work with governmental changes. Thus, it will be described how sociological and criminological theories, not only reflect the theoretical perspectives about crime, but also demonstrate the need to understand crime multidimensionally. In this way, we will highlight how the theories and critiques developed by sociological and criminological thought have contributed to current studies in public policy and the use of evidence for the implementation of security policies in Brazil. The cases to be described and explored will be those of the states of Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco and Paraíba, which had notable homicide rates before the implementation of the ISPGeo, Pacto Pela Vida and Paraíba pela Paz programs, respectively, which achieved effective control of crime rates after their implementation. In identifying the confluence of multiple flows - problem flow, solution flow and political flow - qualitative research was used to describe how the windows of opportunity created were successful in implementing security policies in the process of governmental changes. Therefore, public policies are successful when coupled with data analysis and a multidimensional view of crime, even if the available data are difficult to access, a fact that hinders the formulation of evidence-based public policies, which is slowly being changed