Baleação em águas brasileiras e paraibanas: proposta pedagógica para o ensino médio com o uso de metodologias ativas

Abstract

The use of whale resources can be dated since prehistory by coastline natives in different places around the world. These animals made part of eating, cultural and economics habits, representing an important chapter in human history. This study highlights general cetacean characteristics; gives a historical overview of whale economic cycle and its 383 years of operation, navigating through the commercial and modern industry periods. Mostly, this work focuses on the Brazilian whaling history between 1911 – 1985 years. This time window is divided in four management periods: Julius Von Söhsten, Mendes Lima & Companhia, Samuel Galvão e Nippon Reizo. This work also describes the conflict of interests surrounding “The Moratorium – 1982,” and gives an overview about the current situation of the former whaling station. The main goal of this study was to produce a pedagogical resource which teachers and students from high schools may have access to information about the whaling importance for social development. Using exploratory and bibliographic research methods, gaps were detected regarding the teaching content associated with the topic. It also observed that these contents were usually disconnected from the local reality. Based on that, a Didactic Sequence (SD) was developed as a pedagogical proposal for high school’s teachers. The result was a sequence of seven correlated lectures based on active methodologies in which students help on the construction of knowledge. In this SD, teachers are responsible to mediate and ask guided questions of the investigated topic, aiming to bring previous knowledge, establishing connections with student’s routine and improving new debates. For that, the study made use of teaching based in investigation techniques as well as using technological tools for education. These approaches usually improve the meaningful learning and scientific literacy. The animal suffering speculation, and the impacts of predatory hunting in whale populations are examples that demonstrate the urgency to focus on subjects that modify human relationship with nature in basic education, denying the utilitarian logic.