A produção paranoica da realidade na literatura: psicose e desconstrução

Abstract

The literary reality, under the discursive positivization of paranoia, is the object to be articulated, in this research, in a theoretical nature, and in an inductive and deductive method, the relations between Literature, Psychoanalysis, Historical Materialism and Post Structuralism. This question is thought from the theories of psychoanalysts Sigmund Schlomo Freud (2018; 2017a; 2017b; 2016; 2015; 2014; 2013a; 2013b; 2011; 2010a; 2010b; 2010c; 1996a; 1996b; 1975), Melanie Klein (1996; 1994; 1991; 1981a; 1981b; 1975; 1974; 1964) and Jacques Marie Émile Lacan (2016; 2014; 2011; 2007; 2005; 1995; 1988); related to the ideology of Karl Heinrich Marx (2015, books 1 and 3) and Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1998), alluding to the material production of reality, with an anti-Hegelian basis; and mainly understood from the perspective of Deconstruction, by the poststructuralist author Jacques Derrida (2018; 2014; 2006; 2001;1981). Our proposal is to show that paranoid defense mechanisms - delusion, hallucination, obsession, persecutory guilt, jealousy, envy, projective identification, signifying foreclosure, mother's desire, dream, mania, humor, irony, hysteria, libidinal sublimation, among others - are aesthetically arranged by the author-creator of his work to obtain verisimilitude and polysemy. Therefore, our thesis is that reality in Literature is a paranoid production, a conscious creation that draws on the sources of the unconscious, although we recognize the unpremeditated inscription of certain fantasies in the construction of textual metaphors and metonymies. We understand that the symbolization of the Imaginary is rooted in a double lack: the subjective lack and the significant lack. It is because human being feels persecuted by the castration of his sexual impulses and his language that he internalizes a terrifying Superego and seeks to project and deconstruct it into Literature. The result of this is the deformation of reality, especially of literary reality, by the processes of psychic and phonetic translation. From this proposition, we interpret that, in the paranoid knotting and at the limit of human and linguistic lack, the (i)mortality of the author and the reader is instituted by the processes of writing and reading. As for the text, it is a place for ritualizing the mourning of the speech people. In this sense, the literary text is a positive Sinthome of the effects of castration entangled by the psychic and significant division. It is a symbolization of the Real, conceiving this Real as already symbolic traits. Its logic corresponds to that of a delusion invented and protected by the desire of a creative subject in replacement for great Other, of deconstruction. This delusion represents the disfigurement and recreation of the external and internal world from the sublimation of fantasies by a concomitantly material and abstract consciousness, formed by memory and verbal traces. We argue that the literary doing is based on the unconscious functioning logic to promote aesthetic enjoyment. On the one hand, the creator transforms the defense mechanisms of paranoia into artistic resources for the construction of his architectonics and, on the other, the interlocutor proposes to interpret his arrangement, both motivated by their desires. Therefore, reality in Literature is configured in a conscious articulation of the vicissitudes of paranoid language.